TAILIEUCHUNG - Báo cáo toán học: "A Uniformly Distributed Statistic on a Class of Lattice Paths"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học trên tạp chí toán học quốc tế đề tài: A Uniformly Distributed Statistic on a Class of Lattice Paths. | A Uniformly Distributed Statistic on a Class of Lattice Paths David Callan Department of Statistics 1210 W. Dayton St Madison WI 53706-1693 callan@ Submitted Nov 13 2003 Accepted May 15 2004 Published Nov 16 2004 MR Subject Classifications 05A15 Abstract Let Qn denote the set of lattice paths from 0 0 to n n with steps of the form i j where i and j are nonnegative integers not both zero. Let Dn denote the set of paths in Qn with steps restricted to 1 0 0 1 1 1 the so-called Delannoy paths. Stanley has shown that QnI 2n 1 Dn and Sulanke has given a bijective proof. Here we give a simple statistic on Qn that is uniformly distributed over the 2n-1 subsets of n 1 1 2 . n and takes the value n 1 precisely on the Delannoy paths. We consider paths in the lattice plane Z2 with arbitrary nonnegative-integer-coordinate steps that is steps in N X N 0 0 called general lattice paths. A path can be specified by the sequence of its steps or depending on where the path is situated in Z2 either by its vertices or by its line segments. Let Qn denote the set of general lattice paths from 0 0 to n n counted by sequence A052141 in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. Let Dn denote the set of paths in Qn with steps restricted to 1 0 0 1 1 1 so-called Delannoy paths. Stanley 2 Ex. shows that Qn 2n-1 Dn and Sulanke 3 has given a bijective proof. See 4 5 6 for other treatments and generalizations of this problem. Here we give a simple statistic on Qn that is uniformly distributed over the 2n-1 subsets of n 1 and takes the value n 1 precisely on the Delannoy paths. To present this statistic the following notions are relevant a path is balanced if its terminal vertex lies on the line of slope 1 through its initial vertex. A path is subdiagonal if it never rises above the line of slope 1 through its initial vertex and analogously for superdiagonal. A subpath of a path is of course a subsequence of consecutive steps of . Since subpaths that do not start at the .

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