TAILIEUCHUNG - Medical Progress Vitamin D Deficiency

Our results from England are based on the 1997-2005 Health Surveys for England (HSE). The HSE comprises a series of annual surveys designed to provide information on the nation’s health. Starting in 1995, up to two children per household, aged 2 to 15, were included in the survey. In 2001, the survey was extended to include infants and toddlers (under 2 years old). In addition to the general population sample, each year the HSE has a special focus on a different demographic group, such as ethnic groups, children and young people, or older people. Following CSW,. | The new ENGLAND journal of medicine review article medical progress Vitamin D Deficiency Michael F. Holick . . From the Department of Medicine Section of Endocrinology Nutrition and Diabetes the Vitamin D Skin and Bone Research Laboratory Boston University Medical Center Boston. Address reprint requests to Dr. Holick at Boston University School of Medicine 715 Albany St. M-1013 Boston MA 02118 or at mfholick@. N Engl J Med 2007 357 266-81. Copyright 2007 Massachusetts Medical Society. ONCE FOODS WERE FORTIFIED WITH VITAMIN D AND RICKETS APPEARED to have been conquered many health care professionals thought the major health problems resulting from vitamin D deficiency had been resolved. However rickets can be considered the tip of the vitamin D-deficiency iceberg. In fact vitamin D deficiency remains common in children and adults. In utero and during childhood vitamin D deficiency can cause growth retardation and skeletal deformities and may increase the risk of hip fracture later in life. Vitamin D deficiency in adults can precipitate or exacerbate osteopenia and osteoporosis cause osteomalacia and muscle weakness and increase the risk of fracture. The discovery that most tissues and cells in the body have a vitamin D receptor and that several possess the enzymatic machinery to convert the primary circulating form of vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D to the active form 1 25-dihydroxyvitamin D has provided new insights into the function of this vitamin. Of great interest is the role it can play in decreasing the risk of many chronic illnesses including common cancers autoimmune diseases infectious diseases and cardiovascular disease. In this review I consider the nature of vitamin D deficiency discuss its role in skeletal and nonskeletal health and suggest strategies for its prevention and treatment. SOURCES and metabolism of vitamin d Humans get vitamin D from exposure to sunlight from their diet and from dietary A diet high in oily fish .

• Sức khỏe trẻ em
• Finance Initiative
• Environmental
• significant and rising
• Public companies
• substantial proportion
• global environmental