TAILIEUCHUNG - Children’s heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa: Challenging the burden of disease

The Working Group seeks comment on its two proposed nutrition principles, including the recommendation that industry focus its self-regulatory efforts on the categories of foods most heavily marketed to children. The Working Group is proposing two possible approaches for assessing whether a food product meets Principle A – making a meaningful contribution to a healthful diet. The Working Group is also proposing specific targets for saturated fat, trans fat, added sugars, and sodium content to meet Principle B – minimizing consumption of foods with significant amounts of these nutrients that could have a negative impact on health or weight. Finally, the Working Group. | CHILDREN S HEART DISEASE Children s heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa Challenging the burden of disease John Hewitson and Peter Zilla Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Cape Town and Red Cross Children s Hospital Address for correspondence Prof John Hewitson Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Cape Heart Centre UCT Faculty of Health Sciences Observatory 7925 South Africa Email INTRODUCTION Where you live should not determine whether you live. - Bono The vast majority of African children with heart disease have no access to treatment. Once the cradle of humankind and home to major civilisations Africa is a place of poverty with a burden of disease unlike anywhere else. The world s 20 least developed nations are in subSaharan Africa 1 Although the role of developed nations in destabilising Africa bears much discussion there are many other factors including poor governance corruption a lack of democracy and civil unrest while political priorities seldom include health-care. 2 International aid continues to pour in to the continent but is offset by crippling foreign debt which costs countries more than the aid received and four to six times more than is spent on healthcare. 2 3 It is in this complicated context that many of us would seek foster care for children with heart disease a largely hidden noncommunicable disease that is understandably both understudied and for the most part ignored 4 ABSTRACT Children with heart disease in Africa have little or no access to treatment of any kind and cardiac surgical services are virtually absent outside a handful of centres in a few of the wealthier nations. There is little reliable data concerning the prevalence of congenital or acquired heart disease in African children but there is sufficient information to indicate that the burden of cardiac disease is vast. This major non-communicable disease is largely hidden overshadowed by the incidence of .

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• Demographic profile
• education teachers
• financial resources
• reflect disparities
• individual resources
• privileged backgrounds
• Socio demographic profile
• Dairy farmers
• Animal husbandry practices
• Socio demographic profile of dairy farmers
• Correlation analysis of socio demographic profile
• Transitional period
• Relationship of demographic profile
• Demographic profile of dairy farmers
• Dairy farmers with transitional diseases
• Stall fed
• Analyzing demographic profile
• Rearing goat farmers
• Climatic zones
• Extensive rearing goat farmers
• Nutrition status
• Nutrition status of women
• Food grains
• Average sex ratio of the region
• Diabetes mellitus
• HRQOL and selfmanagement
• Lalitpur and Jhansi districts
• Diabetes mellitus subjects
• Sporting bull
• Socioeconomic profile
• Jallikattu bulls
• Sporting bull rearers and rearing
• Demographic and social status
• Key Stakeholders
• Scholarship recipients
• Participating companies
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• Candidate profile
• Eligibility