TAILIEUCHUNG - Intra-urban differentials in child health*

The Working Group recommends that, as industry develops new products and reformulates existing products, it should strive to create foods that meet both of these two basic nutrition principles. It further recommends that industry focus these efforts on those categories of foods that are most heavily marketed directly to children, such as breakfast cereals, carbonated beverages, restaurant foods and snack foods. The proposed principles, if fully implemented by industry for these categories, should lead to significant improvements in the overall nutritional profile of foods marketed to children. The Working Group recommends that industry work toward the goal that all foods within the categories most. | Health Transition Review 5 1995 163 - 190 Intra-urban differentials in child health Ian M. Tim us and Louisiana Lush Centre for Population Studies London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine UK Abstract This paper uses DHS data on the urban populations of Ghana Egypt Brazil and Thailand to investigate the effect of poverty and environmental conditions on diarrhoeal disease nutritional status and survival among children. Differentials in health are moderate in urban Ghana whereas in Egypt and Brazil reductions in morbidity and above all mortality have accrued largely to the better off. In Thailand the poor fare better and inequalities in mortality are no larger than those in morbidity. Children s health is affected by environmental conditions as well as by their family s socio-economic status. By about the turn of the century for the first time in history most of humanity will be living in urban settlements UN 1989 . In about 2015 this will also become true of the developing world s population. As recently as 1970 only about a quarter of the population of the developing world lived in towns and cities it has long been realized that in contrast to the historical experience of the West those living in the urban sector of developing countries tend to enjoy better health than rural residents Johnson 1964 . Equally it is well-established that the health of the urban poor may be as bad as that of rural residents or worse Basta 1977 . As this has become widely recognized there has been an explosion of research interest in inequalities in health within developing-country cities a recent review identified over one hundred studies concerned with intra-urban differentials in health and mortality Harpham and Stephens 1991 . Much of the recent research into inequalities in urban health consists of studies conducted in a single country or city. 1 This study in contrast adopts a comparative approach to the investigation of differentials in health within the urban sector of .

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