TAILIEUCHUNG - Cleaner Water in China? The Implications of the Amendments to China’s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution

In many countries, problems associated with an absence of clear responsibilities, with the overlapping of institutional boundaries, duplication of work and a lack of co- ordination between involved institutions, are common obstacles to effective water pollution control (see Case Studies V, III, XIII, X and IV for South Africa, Philippines, Yemen, Russia and Nigeria). The analysis must include all relevant administrative levels, for example through intensive studies at the central level combined with visits and studies in selected regions at lower administrative levels. The regions or districts should not be selected randomly but with a view to selecting a representative. | NOTE DAWN WINALSKI Cleaner Water in China The Implications of the Amendments to China s Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution I. Understanding China s A. Central vs. Local B. Other Key II. Chinese Laws Regulating Water A. The Environmental Protection B. The Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution and III. How Are Wastewater Discharge Permits Granted in China .188 A. Discharge Permitting Before the June 2008 Amendments to the B. Discharge Permitting Under the June 2008 Amendments to the IV. Development of Water Quality and Discharge Standards . 192 V. Other Interesting VI. Incentives to Enforce the Law and Increased Penalties . University of Oregon School of Law 2009 . University of Rhode Island. The author would like to thank Jim Curtin and Steve Wolfson at the . Environmental Protection Agency s Office of General Counsel OGC for their encouragement and guidance. The author would also like to thank the JELL staff and managing board for their hard work on this Article. This Article began during a summer clerkship with OGC however it is the result of the author s independent research and does not represent the findings views or policies of the . Environmental Protection Agency. 181 182 J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION Vol. 24 181 May Lead to Decreased A. Increased Incentives for B. Increased Penalties but Challenges VII. Public Participation and Citizen A. Lack of Public Participation in the B. Potential for Public Participation in Bringing Lawsuits . 200 VIII. In China widespread municipal and industrial dumping has contaminated much of the water leaving sections of many rivers unsafe for any human In fact water pollution is so widespread that regulators say a major incident occurs every other This has resulted in an estimated

• Môi trường
• Technological changes
• Infrastructure development
• Inventory of resources
• Endowment opportunities
• Threats to atmospheric resources
• realizing opportunities
• ATMA Agriculture technological
• Management agency
• Changes in knowledge
• Changes in skill and changes
• Adoption of farm
• natural resources
• alternative measures
• substitution possibilities
• resource scarcity
• Important caveats