TAILIEUCHUNG - Water pollution in Asia: The urgent need for prevention and monitoring

A typical weakness in legislation, which should be avoided, is the tendency to state explicitly within the act economic sanctions for non-compliance (such as fees, tariffs or fines). It is much more complicated and time consuming to change or to amend an act than to amend the supporting regulations and management procedures. Hence, stating economic sanctions within an act entails an associated risk that enforcement of the legislation could become ineffective and outdated due to economic inflation. Examples of inadequate, or lack of enforcement of, existing legislation are widespread and can be illustrated by Case Studies III, IX, X and. | 1 Water pollution in Asia The urgent need for prevention and monitoring Alexandra E. V. Evans Munir A. Hanjra Yunlu Jiang Manzoor Qadir and Pay Drechsel international Water Management Institute Sri Lanka Charles Sturt University Australia Hohai University China United Nations University Canada. Discussion Paper 1222 June 2012 This article surveys the state of water pollution in Asia. The authors discuss the various causes of deteriorating water quality arguing that the pace and scale of the policy response must increase rapidly. The Global Water Forum publishes a series of discussion papers to share the insights and knowledge contained within our online articles. The articles are contributed by experts in the field and provide original academic research unique informed insights and arguments evaluations of water policies and projects as well as concise overviews and explanations of complex topics. We encourage our readers to engage in discussion with our contributing authors through the GWF website. Keywords Asia water pollution water quality agriculture sanitation industry policy monitoring prevention. Driven by population growth and the need for increased agricultural production water resources are coming under intense pressure across Asia. Annual water withdrawal and return flows are higher than in any other region. The volume of wastewater generated annually excluding agricultural drainage is some 142 Inadequate provision of sanitation facilities sewerage and wastewater treatment results in significant quantities of this wastewater reaching water bodies that may service human consumption Figure 1 . Non-point source pollution predominantly agricultural is also of concern especially given the rise in agrochemical consumption. Industrial waste plays its part too as Asia s economies grow and change. The impacts are being felt by nature and people 42 of the deaths associated with unsafe or inadequate supply of water sanitation and hygiene occur in Asia Figure

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