TAILIEUCHUNG - JAMES M. JEFFORDS VERMONT LEGISLATIVE RESEARCH SERVICE

Some industrial facilities generate ordinary domestic sewage that can be treated by municipal facilities. Industries that generate waste water with high concentrations of conventional pollutants (. oil and grease), toxic pollutants (. heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) or other non conventional pollutants such as ammonia, need specialized treatment systems. Some of these facilities can install a pre-treatment system to remove the toxic components, and then send the partially-treated waste water to the municipal system. Industries generating large volumes of waste water typically operate their own complete on-site treatment systems. . | James M. Jeffords Vermont Legislative Research Service Effects of Organic Farming on Water Quality Reducing the effect of agricultural pollution on Lake Champlain is a major issue facing Vermont. Dairy farms along Lake Champlain use nitrogen and phosphorous to support crop growth through the use of manure and or purchased fertilizers. Without proper management these nutrients can runoff into the lake and excess amounts can have a negative effect on ecosystems fish populations and human health. The United States Geological Survey has concluded that widespread concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous are between two to ten times higher than EPA recommended levels for protecting aquatic Requiring dairy farms to adopt organic farming practices has been one proposed method for reducing lake pollution. This report addresses the efficacy of organic farming as a means to determine if a change from conventional farming will reduce nitrogen and phosphorous pollution in Lake Champlain. What is Organic Farming The United States Department of Agriculture has developed specific requirements for farmers intending to run an organic farm. These regulations contain three categories crop standards livestock standards and handling standards. Some important requirements are Land must have no prohibited substances applied to it for at least 3 years before the harvest of an organic crop. Soil fertility and crop nutrients will be managed through tillage and cultivation practices crop rotations and cover crops supplemented with animal and crop waste materials and allowed synthetic materials. Preference will be given to the use of organic seeds and other planting stock but a farmer may use non-organic seeds and planting stock under specified conditions. The use of genetic engineering included in excluded methods ionizing radiation and sewage sludge is prohibited. Producers must feed livestock agricultural feed products that are 100 percent organic but may also provide allowed .

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