TAILIEUCHUNG - Report on estimation of mortality impacts of particulate air pollution in London

Outside the air regulatory setting, park, forest, and refuge managers may use data from air pollution related lichen studies to aid management decisions, conduct NEPA analyses, and provide information to the public about resource condition and impacts. To meet the requirements of the Wilderness Act, Organic Act, and National Wildlife System Improvement Act, federal land managers often subscribe to what is known as the “precautionary principle.” The precautionary principle states that “where an activity raises threats of harm to the environment or human health, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause and effect relationships are not. | IOM WORKING FOR A HEALTHY FUTURE Consulting report P951-001 June 2010 Report on estimation of mortality impacts of particulate air pollution in London Dr Brian G Miller Summary It is widely accepted by the medical and scientific communities that there is a link between exposure to air pollution and the effects on health. These effects can vary in severity including mortality death and morbidity the occurrence of illnesses throughout a life time . The evidence base from scientific studies shows that increased levels of fine particles in the air can increase risks of death. Increased exposure to particulates aggravates respiratory and cardio vascular conditions and research has shown that these particles can be inhaled deep into the respiratory tract. Less however is known about the health effects from long-term exposure to other pollutants such as sulphur dioxide nitrogen dioxide and ozone. For this reason this study has focused on the estimation of the mortality impact of fine particulate matter in London over a long-term basis. Airborne pollution in the form of fine particles comes mostly from combustion sources transport domestic and industrial. The relationship between concentration and mortality rates as recommended by the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollution is based on a large US study which estimated that for every 10 pg m3 increase in average concentration there is a 6 increase in annual all-cause death rates. Applying this to population size data average modelled concentrations and mortality rates for Greater London we have estimated the mortality impacts of fine particles in London and their geographical distribution. The study estimates the number of deaths in each Ward attributable to fine particles using average concentrations and demographic data by Ward. The study also estimates the change in life expectancy caused by pollution for the entire current London population. It is estimated that fine particles have an impact

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