TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 130. Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections

Many varieties of streptococci are found as part of the normal flora colonizing the human respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts. Several species are important causes of human disease. Group A Streptococcus (GAS, S. pyogenes) is responsible for streptococcal pharyngitis, one of the most common bacterial infections of school-age children, and for the postinfectious syndromes of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). Group B Streptococcus (GBS, S. agalactiae) is the leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in newborns and a major cause of endometritis and fever in parturient women. . | Chapter 130. Streptococcal and Enterococcal Infections Many varieties of streptococci are found as part of the normal flora colonizing the human respiratory gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Several species are important causes of human disease. Group A Streptococcus GAS S. pyogenes is responsible for streptococcal pharyngitis one of the most common bacterial infections of school-age children and for the postinfectious syndromes of acute rheumatic fever ARF and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis PSGN . Group B Streptococcus GBS S. agalactiae is the leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in newborns and a major cause of endometritis and fever in parturient women. Enterococci are important causes of urinary tract infection nosocomial bacteremia and endocarditis. Viridans streptococci are the most common cause of bacterial endocarditis. Streptococci are gram-positive spherical to ovoid bacteria that characteristically form chains when grown in liquid media. Most streptococci that cause human infections are facultative anaerobes although some are strict anaerobes. Streptococci are relatively fastidious organisms requiring enriched media for growth in the laboratory. Clinicians and clinical microbiologists identify streptococci by several classification systems including hemolytic pattern Lancefield group species name and common or trivial name. Many streptococci associated with human infection produce a zone of complete P hemolysis around the bacterial colony when cultured on blood agar. The p-hemolytic streptococci can be classified by the Lancefield system a serologic grouping based on the reaction of specific antisera with bacterial cell-wall carbohydrate antigens. With rare exceptions organisms belonging to Lancefield groups A B C and G are all p-hemolytic and each is associated with characteristic patterns of human infection. Other streptococci produce a zone of partial a hemolysis often imparting a greenish appearance to the agar. These .

• Y học thường thức
• medical books
• pharmacology
• epidemiologic
• Obstetrics
• anatomy
• Preventing Morbidity
• Multidisciplinary Care
• Biomedical Electronics
• Medical Equipment
• Medical Imaging
• Electronic Medical Records
• Image Data Compression
• radiation physics
• Modern Physics
• medical physiscists
• Interaction Mechanisms
• Medical Applications
• Laser Safety
• Biological Considerations
• Intraocular
• Retinal Prosthesis
• Probability Theory
• Random Processes
• Engineering Statistics
• Microfluidic Devices
• Microfabricated Devices
• Cell Manipulation
• Bioinstrumentation
• Circuit Theory
• Introductory Biomedical Engineering
• Sacrificial Oxide Layer
• Drug Delivery
• Nanofabrication
• developmental systems
• Cleavage
• lumen formation
• blastula formation
• Electricity Inside Us
• Heart Pulse
• Crocodile Tears
• Mechanics
• Molecular Transport
• Regulation
• Microcirculation
• Gene Expression
• Extracellular Matrix
• physiology
• Capstone Design Experience
• Meet Student Needs
• Changing Needs
• Integrated Wholes
• General System Theory
• Systems Biology
• Empirical Force Fields
• Computational Methods
• Domain Partitioning
• Basic Principles
• Tissue Engineering
• Cell Culture
• biological basis
• The cytoskeleton
• cell mechanics
• Larger Organisms
• Cell Populations
• Individual Cells
• Emergent Computation
• Automata Theory
• Bioinformatics
• Biomedical research
• Clinical research
• Human stem cells
• Functional Genomics
• Interpreting Microarray
• Proteomics