TAILIEUCHUNG - Bladder Cancer

notability is a test used by editors to decide whether a topic can have its own article. Information on Wikipedia must be verifiable; if no reliable third-party sources can be found on a topic, then it should not have a separate article. Wikipedia's concept of notability applies this basic standard to avoid indiscriminate inclusion of topics. | Guidelines on Non-muscle invasive Bladder Cancer TaT1 and CIS M. Babjuk W. Oosterlinck R. Sylvester E. Kaasinen A. Bohle J. Palou M. Rouprêt European Association of Urology 2011 European Association of Urology TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. BACKGROUND 4 4 4 Publication history Methodology 2. EPIDEMIOLOGY 5 3. RISK FACTORS 5 4. CLASSIFICATION 6 Tumour Node Metastasis Classification TNM 6 Histological grading of non-muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinomas 6 Controversial definition of non-muscle-invasive superficial tumours 8 Inter- and intra-observer variability in staging and grading 8 Specific character of CIS and its clinical classification 8 5. DIAGNOSIS 8 Symptoms 8 Physical examination 8 Imaging 8 Intravenous urography and computed tomography 8 Ultrasonography 9 Urinary cytology 9 Urinary molecular marker tests 9 Practical application of urinary cytology and markers 10 Cystoscopy 11 TUR of TaT1 bladder tumours 11 Bladder and prostatic urethral biopsies 11 Photodynamic diagnosis fluorescence cystoscopy 12 Second resection 12 Pathological report 13 Recommendations for primary assessment of non-muscle invasive bladder tumours 13 6. PREDICTING RECURRENCE AND PROGRESSION 13 TaT1 tumours 13 CIS 15 7. ADJUVANT TREATMENT 16 Intravesical chemotherapy 16 One immediate postoperative intravesical instillation of chemotherapy 16 Additional adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy instillations 17 Optimising intravesical chemotherapy 17 Intravesical BCG immunotherapy 17 Efficacy of BCG 17 Optimal BCG schedule 18 Optimal dose of BCG 18 BCG toxicity 18 Indications for BCG 18 Specific aspects of treatment of CIS 18 Treatment strategy 18 Cohort studies 19 Prospective randomised trials 19 Treatment of extravesical CIS 19 Treatment of failure of intravesical therapy 19 Failure of .

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