TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 068. Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All of the cell types in the peripheral blood and some cells in every tissue of the body are derived from hematopoietic (hemo: blood; poiesis: creation) stem cells. If the hematopoietic stem cell is damaged and can no longer function (., due to the nuclear accident at Chernobyl), a person would survive 2–4 weeks in the absence of extraordinary support measures. With the clinical use of hematopoietic stem cells, tens of thousands of lives are saved each year (Chap. 108). Stem cells produce tens of billions of blood cells daily from a stem cell pool that is estimated to be. | Chapter 068. Hematopoietic Stem Cells All of the cell types in the peripheral blood and some cells in every tissue of the body are derived from hematopoietic hemo blood poiesis creation stem cells. If the hematopoietic stem cell is damaged and can no longer function . due to the nuclear accident at Chernobyl a person would survive 2-4 weeks in the absence of extraordinary support measures. With the clinical use of hematopoietic stem cells tens of thousands of lives are saved each year Chap. 108 . Stem cells produce tens of billions of blood cells daily from a stem cell pool that is estimated to be only in the hundreds of thousands. How stem cells do this how they persist for many decades despite the production demands and how they may be better used in clinical care are important issues in medicine. The study of blood cell production has become a paradigm for how other tissues may be organized and regulated. Basic research in hematopoiesis that includes defining stepwise molecular changes accompanying functional changes in maturing cells aggregating cells into functional subgroups and demonstrating hematopoietic stem cell regulation by a specialized microenvironment are concepts worked out in hematology but they offer models for other tissues. Moreover these concepts may not be restricted to normal tissue function but extend to malignancy. Stem cells are rare cells among a heterogeneous population of cell types and their behavior is assessed mainly in experimental animal models involving reconstitution of hematopoiesis. Thus much of what we know about stem cells is imprecise and based on inferences from genetically manipulated animals. Cardinal Functions of Hematopoietic Stem Cells All stem cell types have two cardinal functions self-renewal and differentiation Fig. 68-1 . Stem cells exist to generate maintain and repair tissues. They function successfully if they can replace a wide variety of shorter-lived mature cells over prolonged periods. The process of .

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