TAILIEUCHUNG - Decibel

The Decibel is a subunit of a larger unit called the bel. As originally used, the bel represented the power ratio of 10 to 1 between the strength or intensity ., power, of two sounds, and was named after Alexander Graham Bell. Thus a power ratio of 10:1 = 1 bel, 100:1 = 2 bels, and 1000:1 = 3 bels. | DECIBEL dB The Decibel is a subunit of a larger unit called the bel. As originally used the bel represented the power ratio of 10 to 1 between the strength or intensity . power of two sounds and was named after Alexander Graham Bell. Thus a power ratio of 10 1 1 bel 100 1 2 bels and 1000 1 3 bels. It is readily seen that the concept of bels represents a logarithmic relationship since the logarithm of 100 to the base 10 is 2 corresponding to 2 bels the logarithm of 1000 to the base 10 is 3 corresponding to 3 bels etc. The exact relationship is given by the formula Bels log P2 P1 1 where P2 P1 represents the power ratio. Since the bel is a rather large unit its use may prove inconvenient. Usually a smaller unit the Decibel or dB is used. 10 decibels make one bel. A 10 1 power ratio 1 bel is 10 dB a 100 1 ratio 2 bels is 20 dB. Thus the formula becomes Decibels dB 10 log P2 P1 2 The power ratio need not be greater than unity as shown in the previous examples. In equations 1 and 2 P1 is usually the reference power. If P2 islessthanPp the ratio is less then and the resultant bels or decibels are negative. For example if P2 isone-tenthP1 we have bels log 1 bels and dB 10 log 1 -10 dB. It should be clearly understood that the term decibel does not in itself indicate power but rather is a ratio or comparison between two power values. It is often desirable to express power levels in decibels by using a fixed power as a reference. The most common references in the world of electronics are the milliwatt mW and the watt. The abbreviation dBm indicates dB referenced to milliwatt. One milliwatt is then zero dBm. Thus P1 in equations 1 or 2 becomes mW. Similarly The abbreviation dBW indicates dB referenced to watt with P2 being watt thus one watt in dBW is zero dBW or 30 dBm or 60 dBpW. For antenna gain the reference is the linearly polarized isotropic radiator dBLI. Usually the L and or I is understood and left out. dBc is the power of one .

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