TAILIEUCHUNG - Computer Organization

System Components | EE 4504 Computer Organization Section 2 The Computer System and its Interconnection Structures EE 4504 Section 2 System Components At the global and processor levels of computer design we are concerned about four component primitives - CPUs ALUs Control units - Memories - I O devices - Interconnection structures Knowledge of these components and their operation interaction offers insight into system bottlenecks alternate pathways magnitude of system failures and opportunities for performance enhancement EE 4504 Section 2 2 1 von Neumann s Architecture von Neumann is credited with developing the idea of controlling the operation of hardware through the manipulation of control signals - First machines . ENIAC had to be physically rewired to change the computation being performed - von Neumann used the memory of the computer to store the sequence of the control signal manipulations required to perform a task - software programming - the von Neumann architecture has been the basis for virtually all computer designs since the first generation EE 4504 Section 2 3 Characteristics - Both data and instructions control sequences are stored in a single read-write memory Can not tell the difference between data and instructions by examining a memory location - Memory contents are addressable by location without regard for the type of data contained there - Execution occurs in a sequential fashion by reading consecutive instructions from memory Instruction codes EE 4504 Section 2 4 2 Instruction execution follows a set cycle - Determine the address of the next instruction - Fetch that instruction from memory - Decode the instruction to determine what is to be performed - Calculate the addresses of needed operands and fetch the operands - Perform the operation on the operands - Store the results - Check for and service pending interrupts Figure State diagram for the instruction cycle EE 4504 Section 2 5 Interrupts The mechanism by which other system modules may interrupt

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