TAILIEUCHUNG - Overview

Overview | EE 4504 Computer Organization Section 3 Computer Memory EE 4504 Section 3 1 Overview Historically the limiting factor in a computer s performance has been memory access time - Memory speed has been slow compared to the speed of the processor - A process could be bottlenecked by the memory system s inability to keep up with the processor Our goal in this section is to study the development of an effective memory organization that supports the processing power of the CPU - General memory organization and performance - Internal memory components and their use - External memory components and their use Reading Text chapters 4 and 5 EE 4504 Section 3 2 1 Terminology Capacity the amount of information that can be contained in a memory unit usually in terms of words or bytes Word the natural unit of organization in the memory typically the number of bits used to represent a number Addressable unit the fundamental data element size that can be addressed in the memory typically either the word size or individual bytes Unit of transfer The number of data elements transferred at a time usually bits in main memory and blocks in secondary memory Transfer rate Rate at which data is transferred to from the memory device EE 4504 Section 3 3 Access time - For RAM the time to address the unit and perform the transfer - For non-random access memory the time to position the R W head over the desired location Memory cycle time Access time plus any other time required before a second access can be started Access technique how are memory contents accessed - Random access Each location has a unique physical address Locations can be accessed in any order and all access times are the same What we term RAM is more aptly called read write memory since this access technique also applies to ROMs as well Example main memory EE 4504 Section 3 4 2 - Sequential access Data does not have a unique address Must read all data items in sequence until the desired item is found Access times are highly .

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