TAILIEUCHUNG - AIR POLLUTION-RELATED BURDEN OF ILLNESS IN TORONTO: 2004 UPDATE

Many of the costs associated with motor vehicle use, for instance, are external. Examples include the costs of congestion, and noise, water and air pollution. If users had to pay the full cost of road transport, including external costs, they might choose different forms of transport or decide to travel less. Economic assessments of policy options must consider all costs and benefits of a proposal, including ‘external’ effects, such as air emissions. Failure to do so could mean that costs or benefits are significantly underestimated and the analysis is biased. Given the need to identify and measure the. | AIR POLLUTION-RELATED BURDEN OF ILLNESS IN TORONTO 2004 UPDATE. Technical Report . Pengelly and J. Sommerfreund March 2004 Prepared for Environmental Protection Office Toronto Public Health Community and Neighbourhood Services City of Toronto Ontario AIR POLLUTION-RELATED BURDEN OF ILLNESS IN TORONTO 2004 UPDATE. . Pengelly and J. Sommerfreund Executive Summary In the last decade there has been growing use of burden of illness estimates as an indicator of air quality impact at all levels of government Federal Provincial and Municipal by nongovernmental agencies and community groups. Its greatest application seemsto have been in the planning mode to stimulate action to address perceived errors and to avoid harm from planned changes which will have environmental consequences. The population in general has noted that governments can be called into action much more by drawing attention to threats to community health than by focussing on adverse impacts on the natural environment. Thus to a properly educated and convinced community the burden of illness study based on local air quality and health data but using risk coefficients from the literature is a cost-effective and reliable approach to the problem of risk evaluation and risk communication. Toronto Public Health has previously used the BOI methodology to estimate the air pollution-related burden of illness for the City of Toronto associated withseveral criteria pollutants Pengelly et al. 2000 . The present work has been undertaken for two reasons first to update the scientific foundations of the previous study and second to assess the air pollution burden of illness related to the most recent measurements of air quality in Toronto. The APBIT 2000 study made use of published literature up to February 2000 and thus the starting point for the review for the current study was literature beginning in January 2000 and a few prior works which had become known to us in the interim. For the update to the APBIT May .

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