TAILIEUCHUNG - PARTICULATE AIR POLLUTION WEIGHING THE RISKS - ADJUNCT SCHOLAR COMPETITIVE ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE

Targeting vehicle owners and fleet managers: improving in-fleet vehicle maintenance. Measures to improve in -fleet vehicle maintenance by changing the behaviour of vehicle owners and fleet managers generally centre on the development of an inspection and maintenance (I and M) programme. These measures have taken on different forms in different jurisdictions (centralized or decentralized, public or private) and use different testing equipment, techniques and drive cycles. I and M can be supplemented or phased in through a programme of mobile enforcement. Finally, changes in the mechanisms of fleet-vehicle procurement and maintenance– specifically to abandon the sharp. | Competitive Enterprise Institute Particulate Air Pollution Weighing the risks Joel Schwartz Adjunct Scholar Competitive Enterprise Institute April 2003 COMPETITIVE ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE Executive Overview of this Pollution Levels Sources and PM Composition and Future PM Epidemiologic Basis for PM Health Key Policy-Related Questions in PM Epidemiology Health Effects of Long-Term PM Responsible Components of Summary of Long-Term PM Health Effects of Short-Term PM Software Heterogeneity of Effects Among Variability of Results Among Different Models .29 Threshold and Concentration Responsible Components of Summary of Short-Term PM Adequacy of EPA s Assessment of PM Health Net Welfare Effects of PM Activists Portrayals of PM Policy Executive Summary America s air quality has vastly improved in recent decades due to progressive emission reductions from industrial facilities and motor vehicles. The country achieved this success despite substantial increases in population automobile travel and energy production. Air pollution will continue to decline both because more recent vehicle models start out cleaner and stay cleaner as they age than earlier ones and also because already-adopted standards for new vehicles and existing power plants and industrial facilities come into effect in the next few years. Nonetheless both the Bush Administration and congressional Democrats have proposed sweeping new measures to further crack down on power plant emissions. The Administration s Clear Skies Initiative and a more stringent Democratic alternative are largely justified by claims that current levels of particulate matter PM pose a serious public health threat. Supporters of these bills promise substantial benefits from .

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