TAILIEUCHUNG - City clusters in China: air and surface water pollution

Physical water resource constraints make companies more susceptible to reputational risks. Declines in water availability and quality can increase competition for clean water. In water-scarce regions, tensions can arise between businesses and local communities, particularly in developing countries where local populations often lack access to safe and reliable drinking water. Community opposition to industrial water withdrawals and perceived or real inequities in use can emerge quickly and affect businesses profoundly. Local conflicts can damage brand image, or, in rare instances, even result in the loss of companies’ license to operate. In Kerala, India, for example, both PepsiCo and Coca-Cola’s bottlers. | 353 REVIEWS REVIEWS REVIEWS City clusters in China air and surface water pollution Min Shao Xiaoyan Tang Yuanhang Zhang and Wenjun Li City clusters are made up of groups of large nearly contiguous cities with many adjoining satellite cities and towns. Over the past two decades such clusters have played a leading role in the economic growth of China owing to their collective economic capacity and interdependency. However the economic boom has led to a general decline in environmental quality. This paper will review the development and current status of the major environmental problems caused by city clusters focusing on water and air pollution and suggest possible strategies for solving these problems. Currently deteriorating water quality is of major concern to the public and decision makers alike and more than three-quarters of the urban population are exposed to air quality that does not meet the national ambient air quality standards of China. Furthermore this pollution is characterized by high concentrations of both primary and secondary pollutants. Environmental pollution issues are therefore much more complex in China than in western countries. China is expected to quadruple its GDP by 2020 using 2000 as the base year for comparison and consequently will face even more serious environmental challenges. Improving energy efficiency and moderating the consumption of natural resources are essential if China is to achieve a balance between economic development and environmental health. rliiB MtSSÍÍỆ Mrìĩlặa Í3ỄIJT31 o ỄỊ 2020 GDP WÍE 2000 Ệ jgĩfl ỈÌK 4 ÉWJtl ẨJ o 4fô ílĩ ítìíễilũ ẽ Front Ecol Environ 2006 4 7 353-361 China has experienced unprecedented economic growth over the past two decades accompanied by the development of large-scale industries and services. In the course of this expansion medium-sized cities and In a nutshell The emergence of city clusters large groups of cities and towns in close proximity to one another has contributed to China s rapid .

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