TAILIEUCHUNG - Ground Water and Surface Water A Single Resource-U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139

A classic example of a water system severely affected by hu- man development is the Aral Sea, fed by the Amu Darya and Syr Darya. The Aral Sea was once the fourth largest inland body of water in the world, after Lake Superior, supporting 24 unique species of fish and a large fishing population. The Soviet Union built a series of dams and irrigation systems to divert river flows in order to grow cotton on around 3 million hectares of new farmland, but these massive freshwater withdrawals (first order impacts) led to the shrinking of the Sea and a corresponding increase in. | Ground Water and Surface Water A Single Resource . Geological Survey Circular 1139 by Thomas C. Winter Judson W. Harvey O. Lehn Franke William M. Alley Denver Colorado 1998 . DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT Secretary . GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas J. Casadevall Acting Director The use of firm trade and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the . Government . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1998 Free on application to the . Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Box 25286 Denver CO 80225-0286 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publications Data Ground water and surface water a single resource by Thomas C. Winter . . . et al. . p. cm. -- . Geological Survey circular 1139 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Hydrology. I. Winter Thomas C. II. Series. 1998 98-2686 dc21 CIP ISBN 0-607-89339-7 FOREWORD Traditionally management of water resources has focused on surface water or ground water as if they were separate entities. As development of land and water resources increases it is apparent that development of either of these resources affects the quantity and quality of the other. Nearly all surface-water features streams lakes reservoirs wetlands and estuaries interact with ground water. These interactions take many forms. In many situations surface-water bodies gain water and solutes from ground-water systems and in others the surface-water body is a source of ground-water recharge and causes changes in ground-water quality. As a result withdrawal of water from streams can deplete ground water or conversely pumpage of ground water can deplete water in streams lakes or wetlands. Pollution of surface water can cause degradation of ground-water quality and conversely pollution of ground water can degrade surface water. Thus effective land and water management requires a clear understanding of the linkages between ground water and surface water as it applies

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