TAILIEUCHUNG - Recent Advances in Signal Processing 2011 Part 10

Tham khảo tài liệu 'recent advances in signal processing 2011 part 10', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 302 Recent Advances in Signal Processing airflow gradually increases as the vocal folds separate. The closing phase is more rapid than the opening phase due to the Bernoulli force which adducts the vocal folds O Shaughnessy 1987 . Fig. 3. Simplified glottal waveform during a voiced sound. Figure 4 shows photography of the vocal folds during a voicing cycle when completely open and completely closed Chytil 2008 . The vocal folds are typically 15 mm long in men and 13 mm in women. In general the glottal source estimation has a great potential for use in identifying emotional states of speaker non-invasive diagnosis of voice disorders etc. Fig. 4. Vocal folds in the open phase left and closed phase right . 3. General Principles of Speech Signal Processing The whole processing block chain common to all approaches to speech processing shows Fig. 5. The first step in the processing is the speech pre-processing which provides signal operations such as digitalization preemphasis frame blocking and windowing. Digitalization of an analog speech signal starts the whole processing. The microphone and the A D converter usually introduce undesired side effects. Because of the limited frequency response of analog telecommunications channels and the widespread use of 8 kHz sampled speech in digital telephony the most popular sample frequency for the speech signal in telecommunications is 8 kHz. In non-telecommunications applications sample frequencies of 12 and 16 kHz are used. The second step . features extraction represents the process of converting sequences of pre-processed speech samples s n to observation vectors x representing characteristics of the time-varying speech signal. The properties of the feature measurement methods are discussed in great details in Quatieri 2002 . The kind of features extracted from speech signal and put together into feature vector x corresponds to the final aim of the speech processing. For each application . speaker identification gender

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