TAILIEUCHUNG - Assessing mine water pollution: from laboratory to field scale

Freshwater sponges are common animals of most aquatic ecosystems. They utilize flagellated choanocytes to pump water through a series of canals. Incoming water enters through ostia, passes through choanocyte chambers, and exits through the osculum. Bacteria are filtered from incoming water, and large volumes of water can pass through a sponge in a 24-hour period. Because of their simple morphological construction, many cells come into direct contact with the surrounding water as the sponge pumps. Thus, a sponge's mode of feeding results in high levels of exposure to any compound present in an ecosystem. . | 307 Groundwater Quality Remediation and Protection Proceedings of the GQ 98 Conference held at Tubingen Germany September 1998 . IAHS Publ. no. 250 1998. Assessing mine water pollution from laboratory to field scale STEVEN A. BANWART Department of Civil and Structural Engineering University of Sheffield Mappin Street Sheffield SI 3JD UK GEORGIA DESTOUNI MARIA MALMSTRÔM Water Resources Engineering Royal Institute of Technology S-10044 Stockholm Sweden Abstract We use previous investigations of the waste rock deposits at the Aitik site in northern Sweden attempting to resolve quantitatively an observed scale-dependence in mineral weathering rates which control both contaminant loads and their natural attenuation at the site. The data considered represent a scale transition from small-scale batch experiments via large-scale column experiments to field investigations at the site. We identify experimental differences and quantify associated scaling factors that can to a large degree explain the observed scale-dependence in mineral dissolution rates at the Aitik site. This scale-dependence is consistent with other observations of mineral weathering in laboratory and watershed studies suggesting that at least some of the effects identified in our analysis may be generally applicable and important when extrapolating weathering rates from laboratory to field scale. INTRODUCTION Uncontrolled contaminant release from abandoned and operating mines poses a major environmental hazard to freshwater resources worldwide. Current estimates indicate that 11 of the global sulphate flux from the continents to the oceans arises from mining activities alone Nordstrom Southam 1997 citing Berner Berner 1996 . The acidity and dissolved metals contamination associated with the weathering of sulphide minerals poses an immediate threat to groundwaters that interact with mine workings and to surface waters that receive contaminated discharges. Management decisions for abandoned sites and .

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