TAILIEUCHUNG - L1S1- Process Engineering ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

The efficiency of fertilizer used for maize production in the major maize producing states (Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Minnesota, and Nebraska) in the Mississippi River Basin increased between 1986 and 2000. Maize yields have increased about 20% from 1986 to 2000, while N fertilizer use has remained roughly constant. Between 1976 and 1986, an average of kgN of fertilizer was applied for each kg of maize harvested. Between 1996 and 2000, an average of kgN of fertilizer was applied per kg of maize harvested. If this improvement in fertilizer use efficiency had not occurred, nitrate flux in the Mississippi River in 1996–1998 would have been about 50% greater than the measured. | L1S1- Process Engineering ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Pollution can be described as the deliberate or accidental contamination of the environment with waste that is created by human action . A pollutant is a substance or effect which adversely alters the environment by changing the growth rate of species interferes with the food chains is toxic or interferes with health comfort amenities or property values of people. Pollutants are introduced into the environment in significant amounts in the form of sewage waste accidental discharge or as a by-product of a manufacturing process or other human activity. The damage caused to the biosphere may be briefly summarized as follows 1. Damage to human health caused by specific chemical substances present in the air food water and radioactivity materials 2. Damage to the natural environment which affects vegetation animals crops soil and water 3. Damage to the aesthetic quality of the environment caused by smoke chemical fumes dust noise the dumping of solid waste and waste water 4. Damage caused by long term pollution effects which are not immediately apparent. The dangerous effects are caused by low level pollution absorbed into the body over long periods of time for example carcinogenic substances radioactivity and excessive noise Types of Pollution a Water Pollution b Air Pollution c Land Pollution d Noise Pollution e Thermal Pollution f Solid Wastes a Water Pollution Water pollution occurs due to the presence of dissolved inorganic materials organic materials such as proteins fats carbohydrates and other substances found in domestic and industrial waste waters. It also gets polluted due to physical factors such as turbidity colour temperature of effluent associated radioactivity etc. Organic pollutants Organic pollution is due to the presence of high molecular weight compounds such as sugars oils and fats and proteins obtained from distillery canning sugar and other food processing industries. They impart a high Biological

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