TAILIEUCHUNG - Environmental Injustice and Human Rights Abuse: The States, MNCs, and Repression of Minority Groups in the World System

Howarth et al. [10] developed an approach for estimating the net nitrogen inputs to a region N that is highly correlated with average nitrogen transport in the rivers draining temperate regions (Fig. 2). Net N input to a region was defined as sum of N in fertilizer used, biological N fixation of agricultural crops, oxidized N in atmospheric deposition in the region, and the N in food and feed imported to the region minus the N in food and feed exported from the region. This approach assumes that there is no net gain or loss of N from soil organic matter. This assumption appears to be reasonable in regions where most soils have. | Research in Human Ecology Environmental Injustice and Human Rights Abuse The States MNCs and Repression of Minority Groups in the World System Francis O. Adeola Department of Sociology University of New Orleans New Orleans LA 70148 USA1 Abstract The issues of global environmental injustice and human rights violations are the central focus of this article. Existing cross-national empirical data and case studies are utilized to assess and establish the patterns of transnational toxic wastes dumping natural resource exploitation and human rights transgression. The bases of global environmental injustice are explored. Theoretically dependency world system internal colonialism perspectives economic contingency and transnational environmental justice frameworks are used to analyze transnational toxic waste dumping land appropriation and natural resource exploitation adversely affecting indigenous minorities in underdeveloped societies. With a particular focus on selected cases available evidence suggests that the poor powerless indigenous minorities and many environmental and civil rights activists face the danger of environmental injustice and human rights abuse especially in less developed nations. Significant correlations were found between social inequality poverty total external debts demographic measures health and solid wastes in the analysis of a cross-national data-set for developing nations. To foster global environmental justice this study suggests that stronger international norms to protect human rights to a safe and sound environment are imperative and it is argued that environmental injustice needs to be included as a component of human rights instruments. Other policy implications of the analyses are also discussed. Keywords global environmental injustice toxic waste dumping environmental risks human rights violations indigenous minorities inequality environmental degradation grass-roots environmental activism world system Introduction The issues of .

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