TAILIEUCHUNG - Rural industries and water pollution in China

Sulfur trioxide irritates the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. A concentration of 1 volume of SO3 in a million volumes of air (one part per million or 1 ppm) is enough to cause coughing and choking. Sulfur trioxide dissolves in water to form sulfuric acid, which is a strong acid capable of corroding or destroying many materials. Sulfur trioxide can absorb moisture from the atmosphere to form very fine droplets of sulfuric acid. Inhalation of these droplets can harm the respiratory system. Chronic exposure leads to a much greater likelihood of suffering from bronchitis. Sulfur trioxide can also dissolve readily in rain drops, and fall to. | Journal of Environmental Management 86 2008 648-659 Journal of Environmental M a n agement locate jenvman Rural industries and water pollution in China Mark Wang Michael Webber Brian Finlayson Jon Barnett School of Social and Environmental Enquiry The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Received 8 May 2006 received in revised form 7 December 2006 accepted 12 December 2006 Available online 26 February 2007 Abstract Water pollution from small rural industries is a serious problem throughout China. Over half of all river sections monitored for water quality are rated as being unsafe for human contact and this pollution is estimated to cost several per cent of GDP. While China has some of the toughest environmental protection laws in the world the implementation of these laws in rural areas is not effective. This paper explains the reasons for this implementation gap. It argues that the factors that have underpinned the economic success of rural industry are precisely the same factors that cause water pollution from rural industry to remain such a serious problem in China. This means that the control of rural water pollution is not simply a technical problem of designing a more appropriate governance system or finding better policy instruments or more funding. Instead solutions lie in changes in the model that underpins rural development in China. 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords China Water Pollution Rural industry Transition The house is new the money is enough but the water is foul and life is short. A popular saying in coastal China from Schmidt 2002 1. Introduction Water supply and quality are fundamental issues in China. A few years ago the debate about who will feed China emphasised scarcity of farmland and the food crisis Brown 1995 . Yet the most critical resource in China is not land or food but water as Brown later 2001 came to recognise . Not only are per capita water resources limited Niu and Harris 1996 and the spatial

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