TAILIEUCHUNG - Does the Alberta Tar Sands Industry Pollute? The Scientific Evidence

Only statistical inference with stationary variables provides valid results. In simple words, this is because if variables are non-stationary then any correlation between the explanatory and the dependent variable could be due to the trending in both variables that is caused by a third variable not included in the model. We tested for the non-stationarity of the variables in our model formally with the help of Levin, Lin and Chu’s (2002) unit root test for panel data. For the dependent variables and several of the explanatory variables we could not reject the hypothesis of non-stationarity. Fortunately, it is often the case that if a variable Xt is non-stationary it. | The Open Conservation Biology Journal 2009 3 65-81 65 Open Access Does the Alberta Tar Sands Industry Pollute The Scientific Evidence Kevin P. Timoney 1 and Peter Lee2 Treeline Ecological Research 21551 Twp Rd 520 Sherwood Park Alberta Canada T8E 1E3 2Global Forest Watch Canada 10337 146St Edmonton Alberta Canada T5N3A3 Canada Abstract The extent to which pollution from tar sands industrial activities in northeastern Alberta Canada affects ecosystem and human health is a matter of growing concern that is exacerbated by uncertainty. In this paper we determine whether physical and ecological changes that result from tar sands industrial activities are detectable. We analyze a diverse set of environmental data on water and sediment chemistry contaminants in wildlife air emissions pollution incidents traditional ecological observations human health and landscape changes from the Athabasca Tar Sands region Canada. Increases in contaminants in water sediment and fishes downstream of industrial sources significant air emissions and major pollution incidents and the loss of 65 040 ha of boreal ecosystems are documented. Present levels of some contaminants pose an ecosystem or human health risk. The effects of these pollutants on ecosystem and public health deserve immediate and systematic study. Projected tripling of tar sands activities over the next decade may result in unacceptably large and unforeseen impacts to biodiversity ecosystem function and public health. The attention of the world s scientific community is urgently needed. INTRODUCTION The extent to which pollution from tar sands industrial activities in northeastern Alberta Canada affects ecosystem and human health is a matter of growing international concern. In spite of that concern there are to date no comprehensive peer-reviewed assessments of the cumulative impacts of tar sands development. Issues of tar sands development are dominated by grey literature and most fall into four categories 1 collections of

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