TAILIEUCHUNG - Water Pollution and Digestive Cancers in China

Previous World’s Worst Pollution reports have ranked pollution sources by the potential number of people at risk (2010) and created disease burden estimates for location-specific case studies (2011). This year’s report is the first attempt at creating a widespread estimate of disease burden attributable to toxic pollution from industrial sources. Previous estimates from these reports indicated that the at-risk population was in the range of 100 million people. Over the past year Blacksmith Institute’s extended efforts in new countries identified hundreds of more toxic pollution sites. Based on this work, we are certain that the types of issues we look. | Water Pollution and Digestive Cancers in China Avraham Y Ebenstein November 2008 Abstract Following China s economic reforms of the late 1970s rapid industrialization has led to a deterioration of water quality in the country s lakes and rivers. China s cancer rate has also increased in recent years and digestive cancers . stomach liver esophageal now account for 11 percent of fatalities WHO 2002 and nearly one million deaths annually. This paper examines a potential causal link between surface water quality and digestive cancers by exploiting variation in water quality across China s river basins. Using a sample of 145 mortality registration points in China I find using OLS that a deterioration of the water quality by a single grade on a six-grade scale is associated with a percent increase in the death rate due to digestive cancer controlling for observable characteristics of the Disease Surveillance Points DSP . The analysis rules out other potential explanations for the observed correlation such as smoking rates dietary patterns and air pollution. This link is also robust to estimation using 2SLS with rainfall and upstream manufacturing as instruments. As a consequence of the large observed relationship between digestive cancer rates and water pollution I examine the benefits and costs of increasing China s levy rates for firm dumping of untreated wastewater. My estimates indicate that doubling China s current levies would save roughly 29 000 lives per year but require an additional 500 million dollars in annual spending on wastewater treatment by firms implying a cost of roughly 18 000 dollars per averted death. Robert Wood Johnson Scholar in Health Policy Harvard University. I would like to thank Alison Flamm Charlene Neo and Dan Pam for excellent research assistance and Scott Walker for invaluable help using the Hydro packages in ArcGIS. Special thanks to Jostein Nygard Tamer Rabie and Nicholas Bowden of the World Bank for helpful comments and .

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