TAILIEUCHUNG - Can We Pay for What We Get in 3G Data Access?

Environmental accounting is a term with a variety of meanings. In many contexts, environmental accounting is taken to mean the identification and reporting of environment- specific costs, such as liability costs or waste disposal costs. For the purposes of this analysis, a much more general definition is used. "Environmental accounting" is more than accounting for environmental benefits and costs. It is accounting for any costs and benefits that arise from changes to a firm's products or processes, where the change also involves a change in environmental impacts. As will be shown, improved accounting for non-environmental costs and benefits -- input prices, consumer. | Can We Pay for What We Get in 3G Data Access Chunyi Peng Guan-Hua Tu Chi-Yu Li Songwu Lu University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA chunyip ghtu lichiyu slu @ ABSTRACT Data-plan subscribers are charged based on the used traffic volume in 3G 4G cellular networks. This usage-based charging system has been operational and received general success. In this work we conduct experiments to critically assess both this usage-based accounting architecture and application-specific charging policies by operators. Our evaluation compares the network-recorded volume with the delivered traffic at the end device. We have found that both generally work in common scenarios but may go wrong in the extreme cases We are charged for what we never get and we can get what we want for free. In one extreme case we are charged for at least three hours and 450MB or more data despite receiving no single bit. In another extreme case we are able to transfer 200MB or any amount we specify for free. The root causes lie in lack of both coordination between the charging system and the end device and prudent policy enforcement by certain operators. We propose immediate fixes and discuss possible future directions. Categories and Subject Descriptors Computer-Communication Networks Network Architecture and Design Wireless Network Performance of Systems Design Studies General Terms Measurement Experimentation Performance Keywords Cellular Networks Mobile Data Services Charging Accounting 1. INTRODUCTION Wireless access to data services is gaining increasing popularity in recent years thanks to the rapid deployment of 3G 4G cellular networks. Statistics from OECD 25 shows that 62 of broadband users in the US have subscribed to wireless data plans with The first two authors contribute equally to this work. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed .

• Kế toán - Kiểm toán
• Surface Compounds
• Cuticular Waxes
• Terpenoids
• Major Volatile
• Compounds Analysis
• Mezcal Fermentation
• Tạp chí khoa học
• Bioactive compounds
• Extraction temperature
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• Pouzolzia zeylanica plant
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