TAILIEUCHUNG - Thyroid Hormone Receptors Methods and Protocols

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) play a major role in animal physiology. TRs are important and very interesting regulators of diverse aspects, including brain development, hearing, bone growth, morphogenesis, metabolism, intestine, and heart rate in vertebrates (Fig. 1). Aberrant functions of TRs induce tremendous defects in these pathways. For example, the human disease of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone (RTH) (see Chapter 8 by Yoh and Privalsky) is a genetically autosomal dominant inherited syndrome that is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the TRβ. The role of the ligand of TRs, the thyroid hormone, is to modulate the activity and functionality of TRs | Methods in Molecular Biology VOLUME 202 Thyroid Hormone Receptors Methods and Protocols Ễ f fk Edited by Aria Baniahmad HUMANA PRESS 1 Introduction to Thyroid Hormone Receptors Aria Baniahmad 1. Biology of Thyroid Hormone Receptors Thyroid hormone receptors TRs play a major role in animal physiology. TRs are important and very interesting regulators of diverse aspects including brain development hearing bone growth morphogenesis metabolism intestine and heart rate in vertebrates Fig. 1 . Aberrant functions of TRs induce tremendous defects in these pathways. For example the human disease of Resistance to Thyroid Hormone RTH see Chapter 8 by Yoh and Privalsky is a genetically autosomal dominant inherited syndrome that is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the TRp. The role of the ligand of TRs the thyroid hormone is to modulate the activity and functionality of TRs. Two separate genes encode two highly homologous TRs TRa and TRp. The TRa gene is localized on chromosome 17 while chromosome 3 harbors the TRp locus. Each gene encodes for several isoforms due to alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage Fig. 2 1-3 . The expression patterns of TRa and TRp are different although overlapping in developing and adult tissue 4-6 . Also splice variants and the various gene products from both TRa and TR gene loci which are derived from alternative promoter usage exhibit a distinct expression profile. Since these naturally occurring truncated receptors affect the functionality of the full-length TRs the different expression levels and expression profiles result in differing tissue specificity of TR action and modulation of thyroid hormone response. TRs were cloned based on their homologies to the v-erbA oncogene in the avian erythroblastosis retrovirus 7 8 . The retrovirus induces erythroleukemia and sarcomas see Chapter 6 by Gandrillon and references herein . The v-erbA oncogene represents a mutant form of the TRa. Mutations include nine point mutations in the .

• Sinh học
• Thyroid Hormone Receptors
• Thyroid hormone receptors
• Null Mutant Mice
• Transgenic Targeting
• Dominant Negative Corepressor to Liver
• cDNA Microarray
• BMC Cancer
• Endometrial cancer
• Gene expression
• Subgroup identification
• Nuclear hormone receptors
• Thyroid hormone receptor
• Breast cancer
• Artificial neural network
• Logistic regression
• Decision tree
• Microarray databases
• báo cáo khoa học
• báo cáo y học
• công trình nghiên cứu về y học
• tài liệu về y học
• cách trình bày báo cáo
• trình bày báo cáo
• tài liệu báo cáo khoa học
• kiến thức y học
• nghiên cứu y học
• Vaginal neoplasm
• Positron emission tomography
• Primary malignant melanoma
• Oral anti fungal agent
• BMC Genomics
• Oligo array
• Vocal learning