TAILIEUCHUNG - Project Management Ninth Edition

Rapid industrialization and the demands of munitions production in World War 1 saw the emergence of management scientists and industrial engineers such as Elton Mayo and Frederick Winslow Taylor, who studied people and productivity in factories (Kanigel, 1997). Henry Ford made production-line manufacture famous with his Model T automobile and, especially important for project managers, Henry Gantt (1861-1919), who worked for Taylor, developed his now-famous charts which are still popular and used universally today | Project Management Ninth Edition DENNIS LOCK GOWER 1 Introduction to Project Management Project management has evolved to plan coordinate and control the complex and diverse activities of modern industrial commercial and management change and IT projects. All projects share one common characteristic - the projection of ideas and activities into new endeavours. The ever-present element of risk and uncertainty means that the events and tasks leading to completion can never be foretold with absolute accuracy. Examples abound of projects that have exceeded their costs by enormous amounts finishing late or even being abandoned before completion. Such failures are far too common seen in all kinds of projects in industry commerce and especially it seems the public sector. The purpose of project management is to foresee or predict as many of the dangers and problems as possible and to plan organize and control activities so that projects are completed successfully in spite of all the risks. This process should start well before any resource is committed and must continue until all work is finished. The primary aim of the project manager is for the result to satisfy the project sponsor or purchaser and all the other principal stakeholders within the promised timescale and without using more money and other resources than those that were originally set aside or budgeted. BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT Clearly man-made projects are not new monuments surviving from the earliest civilizations testify to the incredible achievements of our forebears and still evoke our wonder and admiration. Modern projects for all their technological sophistication are not necessarily greater in scale than some of those early mammoth works. But economic pressures of the industrialized world competition between rival companies and greater regard for the value well-being and hence the employment costs of working people have all contributed to the development of new project management ideas .

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