TAILIEUCHUNG - Encyclopedia of psychotherapy - part 9

Nó không phải cho đến năm 1977 rằng các dữ liệu đã được trình bày cung cấp một câu trả lời rộng rãi ảnh hưởng và thuyết phục tích cực cho câu hỏi đơn giản nhưng cơ bản, câu trả lời đến từ các ứng dụng phân tích meta, một kỹ thuật thống kê, dữ liệu từ gần "tâm lý trị liệu làm việc? | Research in Psychotherapy 535 is associated with greater or different change than no treatment using a standard criterion to judge whether or not a difference exists. 1. A Compelling Affirmative Answer It was not until 1977 that data were presented that provided a widely influential and convincingly positive answer to the simplistic yet fundamental question Does psychotherapy work The answer came from the application of meta-analysis a statistical technique to data from nearly 400 in 1977 and then 475 in 1980 therapy outcome studies many of which included a noor minimal treatment control condition. The two metaanalyses the first authored by Mary Smith and Gene Glass the second by Smith Glass and Thomas Miller were a major milestone for the field of psychotherapy research. The larger one showed that when findings were pooled from outcome studies in which treated individuals were compared in the same study with either a untreated or minimally treated individuals or b groups who received placebo treatments or undifferentiated counseling the average person who received a form of psychotherapy was better off on the outcomes examined than 80 of those who needed therapy but were not treated. The advantage for psychotherapy was larger when the meta-analysis included only studies in which therapy groups were compared to no- or minimal treatment groups. Subsequent meta-analyses to date often focused on the effects of psychotherapy for specific problems like depression have supported the conclusion that it is an effective treatment modality. As noted previously numerous and often painstaking prior attempts were made to effectively challenge Hans Eysenck s 1952 conclusion that no evidence existed from outcome studies that psychotherapy was associated with a higher rate of improvement than could be expected to occur over time without therapy. For some years a major impediment to disproving Eysenck s conclusion was a lack of psychotherapy outcome studies that included a no- or .

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