TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 088. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Part 5)

Approach to the Patient: Hepatocellular Carcinoma History and Physical The history is important in evaluating putative predisposing factors, including a history of hepatitis or jaundice, blood transfusion, or use of intravenous drugs. A family history of HCC or hepatitis should be sought, and a detailed social history taken to include job descriptions for industrial exposure to possible carcinogenic drugs as well as contraceptive hormones. Physical examination should include assessing stigmata of underlying liver disease such as jaundice, ascites, peripheral edema, spider nevi, palmar erythema, and weight loss. Evaluation of the abdomen for hepatic size, masses or ascites, hepatic nodularity and tenderness, and. | Chapter 088. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Part 5 Approach to the Patient Hepatocellular Carcinoma History and Physical The history is important in evaluating putative predisposing factors including a history of hepatitis or jaundice blood transfusion or use of intravenous drugs. A family history of HCC or hepatitis should be sought and a detailed social history taken to include job descriptions for industrial exposure to possible carcinogenic drugs as well as contraceptive hormones. Physical examination should include assessing stigmata of underlying liver disease such as jaundice ascites peripheral edema spider nevi palmar erythema and weight loss. Evaluation of the abdomen for hepatic size masses or ascites hepatic nodularity and tenderness and splenomegaly is needed as is assessment of overall clinical performance status and psychosocial evaluation. Serologic Assays a-Fetoprotein AFP is a serum tumor marker in HCC however it is only increased in about half of . patients. The other widely used assay is that for des-y-carboxy prothrombin DCP a protein induced by vitamin K absence PIVKA-2 . This protein is increased in as many as 80 of HCC patients but may also be elevated in patients with vitamin K deficiency it is always elevated after use of warfarin. It may predict for portal vein invasion. In a patient presenting with either a new hepatic mass or other indications of recent hepatic decompensation carcinoembryonic antigen CEA vitamin B12 AFP ferritin PIVKA-2 and antimitochondrial Ab should be measured and standard liver function tests should be performed including prothrombin time PT partial thromboplastin time PTT albumin transaminases y-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. Decreases in platelet count and white blood cell count may reflect portal hypertension and associated hypersplenism. Hepatitis A B and C serology should be measured. If HBV or HCV serology is positive quantitative measurements of HBV DNA or HCV RNA are needed. Radiology An .

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