TAILIEUCHUNG - International Organizations Before National Courts Part 5

Đặc biệt, nó làm tăng vấn đề cho dù các tổ chức quốc tế có thể được xem như là các bên hoặc chỉ đơn thuần là đối tượng của điều ước quốc tế đó. Hầu hết các cuộc thảo luận xoay quanh Liên Hiệp Quốc và tình trạng của mình theo Công ước chung. | avoidance techniques 143 nature for states vis-a-vis the organization however is sometimes questioned. In particular it raises the issue of whether international organizations can be viewed as parties or merely as beneficiaries of such treaties. Most of the discussion revolves around the UN and its status under the General Convention. In the Reparations case the ICJ set the boundaries for the future debate by stating that the General Convention creates rights and duties between each of the signatories and the Organization .557 It left open however whether this was to be regarded as a consequence of the UN s status as a party or as a beneficiary. The majority of authors seemed to support the view that the UN somehow gained party status to the General Convention. One piece of evidence in favour of this view results from the UN Secretariat s treatment of the General Convention. The fact that the Secretary-General registered it ex officio might indicate that he views the UN as a party to the The Convention can be regarded not only as a multilateral inter-State agreement but also a series of bilateral agreements between the UN and each State party to the Convention defining rights and obligations for both parties thus considering the UN itself to be a party to the General Strong support for this view also stems from the text of the General Convention section 35 provides that the Convention shall be in force as between the United Nations and every Member . Since treaties are normally in force between their parties the UN s position considering itself as a party seems to be a logical Others emphasize the peculiar rules concerning the conclusion and entry into force of the General Convention. An important characteristic of the General Convention is that Article 105 3 of the UN Charter requires approval by the UN General Assembly. One could argue that the vote of approval by the General Assembly was equivalent to ratification by

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