TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 087. Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer (Part 2)

Clinical Features About 10% of esophageal cancers occur in the upper third of the esophagus (cervical esophagus), 35% in the middle third, and 55% in the lower third. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas cannot be distinguished radiographically or endoscopically. Progressive dysphagia and weight loss of short duration are the initial symptoms in the vast majority of patients. Dysphagia initially occurs with solid foods and gradually progresses to include semisolids and liquids. By the time these symptoms develop, the disease is usually incurable, since difficulty in swallowing does not occur until 60% of the esophageal circumference is infiltrated with cancer. Dysphagia may. | Chapter 087. Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Part 2 Clinical Features About 10 of esophageal cancers occur in the upper third of the esophagus cervical esophagus 35 in the middle third and 55 in the lower third. Squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas cannot be distinguished radiographically or endoscopically. Progressive dysphagia and weight loss of short duration are the initial symptoms in the vast majority of patients. Dysphagia initially occurs with solid foods and gradually progresses to include semisolids and liquids. By the time these symptoms develop the disease is usually incurable since difficulty in swallowing does not occur until 60 of the esophageal circumference is infiltrated with cancer. Dysphagia may be associated with pain on swallowing odynophagia pain radiating to the chest and or back regurgitation or vomiting and aspiration pneumonia. The disease most commonly spreads to adjacent and supraclavicular lymph nodes liver lungs pleura and bone. Tracheoesophageal fistulas may develop as the disease advances leading to severe suffering. As with other squamous cell carcinomas hypercalcemia may occur in the absence of osseous metastases probably from parathormone-related peptide secreted by tumor cells Chap. 96 . Diagnosis Attempts at endoscopic and cytologic screening for carcinoma in patients with Barrett s esophagus while effective as a means of detecting high-grade dysplasia have not yet been shown to improve the prognosis in individuals found to have a carcinoma. Routine contrast radiographs effectively identify esophageal lesions large enough to cause symptoms. In contrast to benign esophageal leiomyomas which result in esophageal narrowing with preservation of a normal mucosal pattern esophageal carcinomas show ragged ulcerating changes in the mucosa in association with deeper infiltration producing a picture resembling achalasia. Smaller potentially resectable tumors are often poorly visualized despite technically adequate esophagograms. .

• Y học thường thức
• Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer
• bệnh học và điều trị
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu y khoa
• Harrisons Internal Medicine
• The gastrointestinal tract endoscopy
• Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract endoscopy
• Detection of early cancer
• Endoscopic treatment
• Natural course of early cancer
• Colorectal cancer
• Early cancer of the colorectum
• Superficial carcinoma of the esophagus
• Clinical data
• BMC Cancer
• Artificial ascites
• Thermal ablation
• Liver cancer
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Previous abdominal surgery
• Summary of Medical doctoral thesis
• Pathological characteristics
• Treatment results
• Nonepithelial cancer
• Non epithelial gastrointestinal tract cancer
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
• Peptides regulating gastrointestinal tract functions
• Gastrointestinal tract complications
• Acute graft versus
• Gastrointestinal cancer
• Dendritic cell inhibition
• Tumour conditioned media
• Tumour microenvironment
• Gastrointestinal stromal tumor
• Rhabdomyosarcomatous dedifferentiation
• Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
• BMC Pulmonary Medicine
• Incidental findings
• Lung neoplasms
• Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
• Positron emission tomography
• Cell cycle arrest
• Pancreatic cancer
• Dreadful gastrointestinal tract malignancies
• Extracellular signal regulated kinases