TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment (Part 3)

Staging As noted in Chap. 77, an important component of patient management is defining the extent of disease. Radiographic and other imaging tests can be helpful in defining the clinical stage; however, pathologic staging requires defining the extent of involvement by documenting the histologic presence of tumor in tissue biopsies obtained through a surgical procedure. Axillary lymph node sampling in breast cancer and lymph node sampling at laparotomy for lymphomas and testicular, colon, and other intraabdominal cancers may provide crucial information for treatment planning and may determine the extent and nature of primary cancer treatment. Treatment Surgery is the most effective means. | Chapter 081. Principles of Cancer Treatment Part 3 Staging As noted in Chap. 77 an important component of patient management is defining the extent of disease. Radiographic and other imaging tests can be helpful in defining the clinical stage however pathologic staging requires defining the extent of involvement by documenting the histologic presence of tumor in tissue biopsies obtained through a surgical procedure. Axillary lymph node sampling in breast cancer and lymph node sampling at laparotomy for lymphomas and testicular colon and other intraabdominal cancers may provide crucial information for treatment planning and may determine the extent and nature of primary cancer treatment. Treatment Surgery is the most effective means of treating cancer. Today about 40 of cancer patients are cured by surgery. Unfortunately a large fraction of patients with solid tumors perhaps 60 have metastatic disease that is not accessible for removal. However even when the disease is not curable by surgery alone the removal of tumor can obtain important benefits including local control of tumor preservation of organ function debulking that permits subsequent therapy to work better and staging information on extent of involvement. Cancer surgery aiming for cure is usually planned to excise the tumor completely with an adequate margin of normal tissue the margin varies with the tumor and the anatomy touching the tumor as little as possible to prevent vascular and lymphatic spread and minimizing operative risk. Extending the procedure to resect draining lymph nodes obtains prognostic information but such resections alone generally do not improve survival. Increasingly laparoscopic approaches are being used to address primary abdominal and pelvic tumors. Lymph node spread may be assessed using the sentinel node approach in which the first draining lymph node a spreading tumor would encounter is defined by injecting a dye into the tumor site at operation and then resecting the first .

• Y học thường thức
• Principles of Cancer Treatment
• bệnh học và điều trị
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu y khoa
• Harrisons Internal Medicine