TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 086. Breast Cancer (Part 7)

Table 86-2 5-Year Survival Rate for Breast Cancer by Stage Stage 5-Year Survival, % 0 99 I 92 IIA 82 IIB 65 IIIA 47 IIIB 44 IV 14 Source: Modified from data of the National Cancer Institute—Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). Estrogen and progesterone receptor status are of prognostic significance. Tumors that lack either or both of these receptors are more likely to recur than tumors that have them. Several measures of tumor growth rate correlate with early relapse. S-phase analysis using flow cytometry is the most accurate measure. Indirect S-phase assessments using antigens associated with the cell cycle, such as PCNA (Ki67), are also valuable. Tumors with a high proportion (more than the median) of cells in. | Chapter 086. Breast Cancer Part 7 aTable 86-2 5-Year Survival Rate for Breast Cancer by Stage Stage 5-Year Survival 0 99 I 92 IIA 82 IIB 65 IIIA 47 IIIB 44 IV 14 Source Modified from data of the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results SEER . Estrogen and progesterone receptor status are of prognostic significance. Tumors that lack either or both of these receptors are more likely to recur than tumors that have them. Several measures of tumor growth rate correlate with early relapse. S-phase analysis using flow cytometry is the most accurate measure. Indirect S-phase assessments using antigens associated with the cell cycle such as PCNA Ki67 are also valuable. Tumors with a high proportion more than the median of cells in S phase pose a greater risk of relapse chemotherapy offers the greatest survival benefit for these tumors. Assessment of DNA content in the form of ploidy is of modest value with nondiploid tumors having a somewhat worse prognosis. Histologic classification of the tumor has also been used as a prognostic factor. Tumors with a poor nuclear grade have a higher risk of recurrence than tumors with a good nuclear grade. Semiquantitative measures such as the Elston score improve the reproducibility of this measurement. Molecular changes in the tumor are also useful. Tumors that overexpress erbB2 HER-2 neu or have a mutated p53 gene have a worse prognosis. Particular interest has centered on erbB2 overexpression as measured by histochemistry or by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Tumors that overexpress erbB2 are more likely to respond to higher doses of doxorubicin-containing regimens and predict those tumors that will respond to HER-2 neu antibodies trastuzumab herceptin and a Her-2 neu kinase inhibitor. To grow tumors must generate a neovasculature Chap. 80 . The presence of more microvessels in a tumor particularly when localized in so-called hot spots is associated with a worse prognosis. This may assume even greater .

• Y học thường thức
• Breast Cancer
• bệnh học và điều trị
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu y khoa
• Harrisons Internal Medicine
• BMC Cancer
• Breast cancer screening
• Familial breast cancer
• Young breast cancer survivors
• High risk relatives
• Randomized trial
• Breast cancer management
• Gross anatomy
• The breast
• Breast cancer epidemiology
• Hereditary breast cancer genetics
• Prediction techniques
• Cancer susceptibility gene
• Breast cancer prognosis
• Next generation sequencing
• Breast specific gamma imaging
• Diagnosing breast cancer during
• Ductal carcinoma in situ
• DNA methylation
• Breast epithelial cells
• Breast cancer campaign tissue bank
• Breast milk
• Axillary lymph node dissection
• Breast cancer related lymphedema
• Breast lymphatics level
• Ovarian cancer
• Mauritanian breast cancer patients
• Triple negative breast cancer
• Molecular subtype
• Cholesterol observed
• Female breast cancer
• Breast feeding
• World Health Organization
• Inflammatory breast cancer
• Case comparison study
• Family history of breast cancer
• Breast cancer risk factors
• Multiplex IBC families
• Carcinoma associated fibroblasts
• Breast cancer pathogenesis
• Breast cancer cell biology
• Cytokine molecules mediating
• Stage IV breast cancer
• Metastatic breast cancer
• Diagnostic marker
• Searching reliable
• Protein cancer biomarkers
• Breast fluid secretome
• breast cancer second edition
• Breast Sonography
• Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast
• Mammography
• Breast Reconstruction
• Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
• Breast imaging
• Breast pathology
• Breast soft tissue
• Breast cancers
• Breast tumorigenesis
• Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug
• Hormone receptor positive breast cancer
• HER2 positive breast cancer
• Aggressive tumor phenotype
• Health care
• Including increased frequency
• Polygenic risk score
• Single nucleotide polymorphisms
• Artifcial neural network
• Estrogen receptor negative breast cancer
• Mammographic breast density
• Breast cancer risk
• Atypical hyperplasia
• Established risk factors
• Non melanoma skin cancer
• Metastatic cancer
• Reduce ethnic
• Multivariate models adjusting
• Cancer survivorship
• Cancer prevalence
• Statistical projection
• Toll like receptor 4
• +3725G C polymorphism
• Egyptian breast cancer atients
• Breast cancer cases than controls
• Post treatment breast cancer patients
• Pre treatment breast cancer
• Extraaxilary nodes
• Distance metastases
• Breast cancer cell lines
• Breast tumor subtypes
• Topoisomerase I
• Camptothecin sensivity
• Epithelial type
• Triplenegative breast carcinomas
• N terminal p63 isoforms