TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 092. Testicular Cancer (Part 2)

The regional draining lymph nodes for the testis are in the retroperitoneum, and the vascular supply originates from the great vessels (for the right testis) or the renal vessels (for the left testis). As a result, the lymph nodes that are involved first by a right testicular tumor are the interaortocaval lymph nodes just below the renal vessels. For a left testicular tumor, the first involved lymph nodes are lateral to the aorta (para-aortic) and below the left renal vessels. In both cases, further nodal spread is inferior, contralateral, and, less commonly, above the renal hilum. Lymphatic involvement can. | Chapter 092. Testicular Cancer Part 2 The regional draining lymph nodes for the testis are in the retroperitoneum and the vascular supply originates from the great vessels for the right testis or the renal vessels for the left testis . As a result the lymph nodes that are involved first by a right testicular tumor are the interaortocaval lymph nodes just below the renal vessels. For a left testicular tumor the first involved lymph nodes are lateral to the aorta para-aortic and below the left renal vessels. In both cases further nodal spread is inferior contralateral and less commonly above the renal hilum. Lymphatic involvement can extend cephalad to the retrocrural posterior mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes. Treatment is determined by tumor histology seminoma versus nonseminoma and clinical stage Table 92-1 . Table 92-1 Germ Cell Tumor Staging and Treatment Treatment Stage Extent of Disease Seminoma Nonseminoma IA Testis only no vascular lymphatic invasion T1 Radiation therapy RPLND or observation IB Testis only with vascular lymphatic invasion T2 or extension through tunica albuginea T2 or involvement of spermatic cord T3 or scrotum T4 Radiation therapy RPLND IIA Nodes 2 cm Radiation RPLND or chemotherapy often therapy followed by RPLND IIB Nodes 2-5 cm Radiation therapy RPLND - adjuvant chemotherapy or chemotherapy followed by RPLND IIC Nodes 5 cm Chemotherapy Chemotherapy often followed by RPLND III Distant metastases Chemotherapy Chemotherapy often followed by surgery biopsy or resection Note RPLND retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Pathology GCTs are divided into nonseminoma and seminoma subtypes. Nonseminomatous GCTs are most frequent in the third decade of life and .

• Y học thường thức
• Testicular Cancer
• bệnh học và điều trị
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu y khoa
• Harrisons Internal Medicine
• BMC Cancer
• Testicular cancer survivors
• Germ cell tumors
• Premature aging
• Molecular aging
• Patient education websites
• Germ cell tumor
• Testicular malignancy
• Testicular germ cell tumour
• Non seminoma
• Frequent cannabis
• Tumor inflitrating neutrophil
• Prognostic value
• Testicular germ cell tumors
• Overall survival
• Health belief model
• Fasa city
• Social support
• Testicular self examination
• Cancer survivors
• Metabolic syndrome
• Cardio metabolic risk factors
• Racial differences
• Highest incidence rates
• Asians and Pacific Islanders
• Testicular germ cell cancer
• Cisplatin sensitivity
• Germ neoplasia in situ
• Undergo malignant transformation
• Mild Leydig cell insufficiency
• Testosterone substitution
• Hormonal disturbance
• Physical activity
• Increased adult height
• Risk factor
• Androgenic alopecia
• Prostate cancer
• Testicular germ cell tumor
• Meta analysis
• Health related quality of life
• Psychometric validation
• Patient reported outcome
• Germ cell neoplasia in situ
• Fibrillin 1
• Testicular germ cell tumours
• Cancer pathogenesis
• Nodal and Activin signalling
• Expression of pluripotency factors
• Germ cell cancer
• Germ cells
• Anti tumoral
• Anti angiogenic multikinase inhibitor
• Primary testicular lymphoma
• Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
• Initial treatment
• Therapy outcome
• Systemic chemotherapy
• Pure seminoma
• Semi quantitative score
• Testicular impairment
• Antioxidant enzymes
• Reproductive hormones
• DNA damages