TAILIEUCHUNG - The Ethics of Deference Part 4

Có một sự khác biệt thứ hai giữa các tài khoản mở rộng và hạn chế của cơ quan nhất có thể được nhìn thấy bằng cách xem xét một yêu cầu bản quy phạm pháp luật về quyền hoạt động như thế nào. | 46 part i law s morals authority when it is legitimate must be absolute that is must preempt entirely the subject s own views of correct action. There is a second difference between the expansive and restrictive accounts of authority that can best be seen by considering a normative claim about how authority works. The restrictive account in addition to suggesting that authority preempts individual calculation also entails what Raz calls the dependence thesis - the thesis that authority in order to be legitimate must base its decisions on the same reasons that would apply independently to the subjects of the At first glance this seems like a fairly strong constraint. It seems to ensure that while subjects may be preempted from doing their own calculations at least they will not be subjected to directives designed to advance interests completely foreign to their own. The appearance of constraint however is problematic for two reasons. First the dependence thesis does not require that authorities act in the interests of their subjects but only that they act for reasons which apply also to the subjects. 23 Thus a military commander complies with the thesis when he orders a soldier in the interest of national defense to take action that is inconsistent with the soldier s interest in personal safety. That is because soldiers ought to put their country above their own interests whether they do in fact or not. Second the dependence thesis ignores the problem of disagreement about what reasons are applicable to subjects. The typical posture of the law when it enforces its norms is that the question of which reasons apply to a subject is itself a question that the legal authority has the right to decide. Under the expansive account of authority the dependence thesis would thus require only that an authority act on reasons that the authority believes its subjects ought to acknowledge whether or not they in fact do so. Under this interpretation the modest .

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