TAILIEUCHUNG - Long-Term Care for the Elderly: Challenges and Policy Options
Vegetarians of all types can achieve recommended nutrient intakes through careful selection of foods. These individuals should give special attention to their intakes of protein, iron, and vitamin B12, as well as calcium and vitamin D if avoiding milk products. In addition, vegetarians could select only nuts, seeds, and legumes from the meat and beans group, or they could include eggs if so desired. At the 2,000calorie level, they could choose about ounces of nuts and 2 /3 cup legumes instead of ounces of meat, poultry, and/or fish. One egg, 1/2 ounce of nuts, or 1/4 cup of legumes is considered equivalent to 1 ounce of meat, poultry, or fish in the USDA Food Guide. Substitutions for Milk and Milk Products Since milk and milk products provide more than 70 percent of the calcium consumed by Americans, guidance on other choices of dietary calcium is needed for those who do not consume the recommended amount of milk products. Milk product consumption has been associated with overall diet quality and adequacy of intake of many nutri ents, including calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, riboflavin, vitamin A, folate, and vitamin D. People may avoid milk products because of allergies, cultural prac tices, taste, or other reasons. Those who avoid all milk products need to choose rich sources of the nutrients provided by milk, including potassium, vitamin A, and magnesium in addition to calcium and vitamin D (see app. B). Some nondairy sources of calcium are shown in appendix B4. The bioavailability of the calcium in these foods varies. . | J INSTITUT . HOWE INSTITUTE COMMENTARY NO. 367 Long-Term Care for the Elderly Challenges and Policy Options Policy reforms in long-term care will require methods to contain costs to fairly divide these costs between care recipients and taxpayers and to get more value for money in a sector that will feature prominently in future health policy debates. Ake Blomqvist and Colin Busby The institute s Commitment to Quality About The Authors Ảke Blomqvist is an Adjunct Research Professor at Carleton University and Health Policy Scholar at the . Howe Institute. Colin Busby is a Senior Policy Analyst at the . Howe Institute. . Howe Institute publications undergo rigorous external review by academics and independent experts drawn from the public and private sectors. The Institute s peer review process ensures the quality integrity and objectivity of its policy research. The Institute will not publish any study that in its view fails to meet the standards of the review process. The Institute requires that its authors publicly disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest of which they are aware. In its mission to educate and foster debate on essential public policy issues the . Howe Institute provides nonpartisan policy advice to interested parties on a non-exclusive basis. The Institute will not endorse any political party elected official candidate for elected office or interest group. As a registered Canadian charity the . Howe Institute as a matter of course accepts donations from individuals private and public organizations charitable foundations and others by way of general and project support. The Institute will not accept any donation that stipulates a predetermined result or policy stance or otherwise inhibits its independence or that of its staff and authors in pursuing scholarly activities or disseminating research results. Commentary No. 367 November 2012 Health Policy Finn Poschmann Vice-President Research ISBN 978-0-88806-887-3 .
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