TAILIEUCHUNG - Women’s Employment and Its Relation to Children’s Health and Schooling in Developing Countries: Conceptual Links, Empirical Evidence, and Policies

Instrumental variables techniques are required to solve the possible endogeneity of household consumption. The most difficult task is to find a valid instrument for the regression above. The literature on demand systems typically uses income to instrument consumption. If preferences are separable between consumption and leisure, total consumption but not income is relevant to decide on the good shares. However, there are several reasons why household income might not be a valid instrument. Households with a child in bad health might increase labor supply to save money for future health care expenses. Consequently, income would be negatively related to . | Women s Employment and Its Relation to Children s Health and Schooling in Developing Countries Conceptual Links Empirical Evidence and Policies Peter Glick Cornell University September 2002 ABSTRACT This paper reviews several decades of empirical research on the effects of women s work on investments in children s human capital their nutrition and schooling in developing countries. No clear relationship between women s work and nutrition emerges from a large body of studies examining this issue but this is to be expected given the complexity of the relationship and the wide variation in methodological approaches. However specific factors such as quality of substitute care and age of the child condition the relationship and point to areas where policy can intervene to prevent negative nutritional outcomes or enhance positive outcomes of maternal work. Less research has been done on the subject of women s work and children s schooling but there is evidence that there can be negative effects on girl s education because daughters are often obliged to substitute in the home for mothers who work. The paper considers a range of policies including in particular childcare that can reduce the potential conflicts or increase the complementarities between women s need or desire to work and their children s well-being. Also discussed are trends in developing economies and in the global economy that are affecting women s work and its relation to children s welfare as well as affecting the ability of governments to intervene to ease the domestic constraints on women. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. CONCEPTUAL 3. EMPIRICAL 3. 1 Effects of women s employment on children s 3. 2 Effects of women s employment on children s 3. 3 Men s employment and children s 4. PROSPECTS AND POLICIES. 21 4. 1 Urbanization changes in families and women s 4. 2 Implications of globalization for women s work and children s

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