TAILIEUCHUNG - Social Networks among Elderly Women: Implications for Health Education Practice

During the past twenty-five years, numerous research studies conducted in several fields have identified various psychosocial factors as predictors of health and mental health status. These include: (a) stress, (b) social support and social networks, (c) competence, (d) socioeconomic status and (e) coping.’-&dquo; For example, loss of a spouse (stress) may be related to depression for one individual and high blood pressure for another person, while a third person may experience no significant effects on his or her well-being. One factor that has gained prominence in the last decade as having a. | Social Networks among Elderly Women Implications for Health Education Practice Barbara A. Israel . University of Michigan Department of Health Behavior and Health Education School of Public Health Carol c. Hogue . Duke University Ann Gorton . Wayne State University ABSTRACT The general aim of the present study was to examine and help clarify the properties of the distinctions between social networks and social support their relationship to health status and their implications for health education practice. More specifically a secondary data analysis was conducted with 130 white women community residents between the ages of 60 and 68 which examined the relationship between psychological well-being and social network characteristics. These characteristics are categorized along three broad dimensions structure links in the overall network size and density interaction nature of the linkages themselves frequency homogeneity content reciprocity intensity and dispersion and functions which networks provide affective support and instrumental support . A combination was made and relative strength investigated of several network characteristics representative of the quality of interactions i e. reciprocal affective support intensity and affective support and those representing the quantity of interactions . size density and frequency . Of all these network characteristics controlling for the cumulative effect of marital status income employment background perceived health status and use of network only reciprocal affective support intensity and affective support explained a significant amount of variance in psychological well-being. The combination of qualitative net- We wish to acknowledge the important contributions made to this study by Cuy w. Steuart Berton H. Kaplan and Bill Ware and the editorial assistance provided by Noreen Clark and Richard Pipan. Health Education Quarterly Vol. 10 3 4 Fall Winter 1984 1 73 0195-8402 84 1500-1600 173-203 1984

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