TAILIEUCHUNG - Basic english usage oxford_7

Tham khảo tài liệu 'basic english usage oxford_7', ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 177 234 - 235 234 participles present and past participles -ing and -ed 1 Present participles breaking going drinking making beginning opening working stopping For rules of spelling see 321 322. When -ing forms are used like nouns they are often called gerunds. For details see . 2 Past participles broken gone drunk made begun opened worked stopped 3 The names present and past participle are not very good although they are used in most grammars . Both kinds of participle can be used to talk about the past present or future. She was crying when I saw her. past Who s the man talking to Elizabeth present This time tomorrow I ll be lying on the beach future He was arrested in 1972. past You re fired present The new school is going to be opened next week future 4 We use participles with auxiliary verbs to make some tenses. What are you doing I ve broken my watch. I For other ways of using participles see the next two sections. 235 participles used as adjectives 1 We can often use participles as adjectives. It was a very tiring meeting. There are broken toys all over the floor. I thought the film was pretty boring You look terribly frightened 2 Don t confuse pairs of words like tiring and tired interesting and interested boring and bored exciting and excited. The present participle . . . -Ing has an active meaning if something is interesting it interests you The past participle . . . -ed has a passive meaning an interested person is interested by or in someThing. 236 178 Compare I thought the lesson was interesting. I was interested in the lesson. NOT I was interesting in the lesson. Sheila s party was pretty boring. I went home early because I felt bored. NOT . . . because I felt boring It was an exciting story. When I read it I felt excited The explanation was confusing I got confused. It was a tiring day. It made me tired 3 There are a few exceptional past participles which can have active meanings. The most important fallen rocks a retired army officer a grown-up

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