TAILIEUCHUNG - Parental leave and child health

This is the first paper using household survey data from two countries involved in an international war (Eritrea and Ethiopia) to measure the conflict’s impact on children’s health in both nations. The identification strategy uses event data to exploit exogenous variation in the conflict’s geographic extent and timing and the exposure of different children’s birth cohorts to the fighting. The paper uniquely incorporates GPS information on the distance between survey villages and conflict sites to more accurately measure a child’s war exposure. War- exposed children in both countries have lower height-for-age Z-scores, with the children in the war-instigating and losing country. | ELSEVIER JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS Journal of Health Economics 19 2000 931 -960 locate econbase Parental leave and child health Christopher J. Ruhm Department of Economics Bryan School University of North Carolina at Greensboro . Box 26165 Greensboro NC USA National Bureau of Economic Research USA Received 1 May 1999 received in revised form 1 March 2000 accepted 8 March 2000 Abstract This study investigates whether rights to parental leave improve pediatric health. Aggregate data are used for 16 European countries over the 1969 through 1994 period. More generous paid leave is found to reduce deaths of infants and young children. The magnitudes of the estimated effects are substantial especially where a causal effect of leave is most plausible. In particular there is a much stronger negative relationship between leave durations and post-neonatal or child fatalities than for perinatal mortality neonatal deaths or low birth weight. The evidence further suggests that parental leave may be a cost-effective method of bettering child health. 2000 Elsevier Science . All rights reserved. JEL classification I12 I18 J38 Keywords Parental leave Infant mortality Child health 1. Introduction Over 100 countries including virtually all industrialized nations have enacted some form of parental leave policies Kamerman 1991 . Most assure women the right to at least 2 or 3 months of paid leave during the period surrounding childbirth. Proponents believe these entitlements improve the health of children and the position of women in the workplace and need to be legislated because adverse selection under asymmetric information or other sources of market failure lead the market to provide suboptimal amounts of leave. Opponents Tel. 1-336-334-5148 fax 1-336-334-4089. E-mail address c-ruhm@ . Ruhm . 0167-6296 00 - see front matter 2000 Elsevier Science . All rights reserved. PII S0167-6296 00 00047-3 932 . Ruhm Journal of Health Economics 19 2000

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