TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 066. Stem Cell Biology (Part 3)

Nuclear Reprogramming Development naturally progresses from totipotent fertilized eggs to pluripotent epiblast cells, to multipotent cells, and finally to terminally differentiated cells. According to Waddington's epigenetic landscape, this is analogous to a ball moving down a slope. The reversal of the terminally differentiated cells to totipotent or pluripotent cells (called nuclear reprogramming) can thus be seen as an uphill gradient that never occurs in normal conditions. However, nuclear reprogramming has been achieved using nuclear transplantation, or nuclear transfer (NT), procedures (often called "cloning"), where the nucleus of a differentiated cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte. Although this is an. | Chapter 066. Stem Cell Biology Part 3 Nuclear Reprogramming Development naturally progresses from totipotent fertilized eggs to pluripotent epiblast cells to multipotent cells and finally to terminally differentiated cells. According to Waddington s epigenetic landscape this is analogous to a ball moving down a slope. The reversal of the terminally differentiated cells to totipotent or pluripotent cells called nuclear reprogramming can thus be seen as an uphill gradient that never occurs in normal conditions. However nuclear reprogramming has been achieved using nuclear transplantation or nuclear transfer NT procedures often called cloning where the nucleus of a differentiated cell is transferred into an enucleated oocyte. Although this is an error-prone procedure and the success rate is very low live animals have been produced using adult somatic cells as donors in sheep mouse and other mammals. In mice it has been demonstrated that ES cells derived from blastocysts made by somatic cell NT are indistinguishable from normal ES cells. NT can potentially be used to produce patient-specific ES cells carrying a genome identical to that of the patient. However the successful implementation of this procedure has not been reported in humans. Setting aside technical and ethical issues the limited supply of human oocytes will be a major problem for clinical applications of NT. Alternatively successful nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by fusing them with ES cells has been demonstrated in mouse and human. However it is not yet clear how ES-derived DNA can be removed from hybrid cells. More direct nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells by transfecting specific genes or by exposing the cells to ES cell extracts is the subject of current research. Stem Cell Plasticity or Transdifferentiation The prevailing paradigm in developmental biology is that once cells are differentiated their phenotypes are stable. However a number of reports have shown that tissue stem cells which

• Y học thường thức
• Stem Cell Biology
• bệnh học và điều trị
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu y khoa
• Harrisons Internal Medicine
• Essentials of stem cell biology
• Organ development
• Regulation and ethics
• Introduction to stem cells
• BMC Molecular and Cell Biology
• Mesenchymal stem cell
• Cell surface markers
• Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell
• Breast adipose stem cell
• Fibroblasts and olfactory
• Genome Biology
• Gene expression
• Cell to cell variation
• Stem cell populations
• Intrinsic characteristics
• Single cell sequencing
• Ebook Chemical
• Functional genomic approaches
• Regenerative medicine
• Embryonic stem cells
• Adult stem cells
• Single cell RNA sequencing
• Primed human pluripotent stem cell
• Embryoid body
• Naïve human pluripotent stem cell
• Journal of Biology
• Cell cycle
• Cell death
• Endoderm differentiation
• Inner cell mass (ICM)
• Stem cells
• Mesenchymal stem cells
• Cell biology
• Molecular biology
• Tissue engineering
• Dental pulp
• Genetic stability
• Osteogenic differentiation
• Cell culture models
• Single cell RNA seq
• Definitive endoderm
• Wave Crest
• Human pluripotent
• Stem cells into progenitor
• Glioma stem cell
• Neural stem cell
• DNA mark changes
• Cell proliferation
• Testes somatic stem cells
• JAK/STAT signaling
• Genetically tractable
• Krüppel like factor 2
• Marrow mesenchymal stem cell
• Therapeutic mechanism
• Streptozotocin induced diabetes
• Extracellular matrix
• Self renewal
• Self renewal capacity
• Multiple stem cell markers
• Alternative splicing
• Histone modification
• Cell fate decision
• Cell cycle machinery
• Embryonic stem cell
• harrison interal medicine
• Applications of Stem Cell Biology
• Clinical Medicine
• Protein characterization
• Biological mass spectrometry
• Mammary stem cell
• Symmetric division
• Progenitor cells
• Droplet digital PCR
• Cell culture
• Chromosome number
• Multiplex assay
• Single cell RNAseq
• In silico lineage tracing
• Neural stem cells
• Schmidtea mediterranea
• Transgenic labeling