TAILIEUCHUNG - Materials and Technologies 2009 Part 10

Tham khảo tài liệu 'materials and technologies 2009 part 10', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Smart Materials and New Technologies transmit but are able to moderate the view by altering the specularity of the material. Exterior store fronts can reveal merchandise in windows selectively perhaps only when the store is open. A specular material will transmit intact images whereas a diffuse material will obscure the image. Depending then upon the desired outcome the designer would choose between several of the different chromogenic materials that were discussed in Chapter 4. While many of the materials can be used interchangeably for the functions - for example electrochromics liquid crystal and suspended particle will all control optical transmission - each material brings operational and control criteria that can have a significant impact on its in situ performance. The most profound difference is between the electrically activated materials versus those that are environmentally activated. Initially when architects began to think about smart windows in the late 1980s their desire was to create a glazing material that responded directly to environmental changes. Photochromic materials had been developed for eyeglasses in which the lens darkened as the incident light increased. This seamlessness in response appealed to building designers who thought that covering the glazed facades of buildings would provide not only moderation of daylight but would also help prevent unwanted transmission of solar radiation. Eyeglasses however had to address only one condition that of light incident on the outside of the lens whereas buildings need to deal with multiple situations particularly those produced by large swings in exterior temperatures. The most problematic situation is that typical of northern latitudes in the winter the sun angle is very low thus producing glare but exterior temperatures are also low. The ideal responses for the two conditions are the opposite or each other - the sun angle would cause the photochromic to darken reducing the transmitted radiation

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