TAILIEUCHUNG - Materials and Technologies 2009 Part 8

Tham khảo tài liệu 'materials and technologies 2009 part 8', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Smart Materials and New Technologies Figure 5-14 Differerent input output control models from the simple sensor actuator system to the biological system with its intricacies 128 Elements and control systems Smart Materials and New Technologies electrical devices to perform a series of operations such as an inexpensive timer circuit where a charge builds up in a capacitor and is then periodically released which in turn causes some action to occur. Circuits with surprisingly intricate logic capabilities can be built in this way. An advantage of the use of both property-changing and energy-exchanging smart materials within the context of sensor actuator systems is that many of the actions described occur internally within the materials themselves. In some cases the sensor actuation cycle is completely internalized. In other cases additional elements may be required for certain kinds of responses but the complexity of the system is invariably reduced. For Type 1 property-changing materials there are intrinsic and reversible property change responses. The constitutive model I shown in Figure 5-14 can be used to describe basic input and output relations for Type 1 smart materials. When the full advantages of a complete control system are desired including programmable logic capabilities or closed loop behaviors it is clear that energy-exchanging smart materials that can generate electrical signals would be a seamless improvement. While the behaviors of energyexchanging materials are not normally programmable in the accepted sense of the word they can easily become part of a complex system and still serve to reduce its overall complexity. The constitutive model II shown in Figure 5-14 can be used to describe basic input and output relations when these kinds of Type 2 energy-exchanging materials are used. It is interesting to note that more and more research is directed towards making as many overall system behaviors as internalized as possible. Ultimately smart materials

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