TAILIEUCHUNG - Smart.Materials.and.New.Technologies Episode 4

Tham khảo tài liệu ' episode 4', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Smart Materials and New Technologies with each other. Essentially this law tells us that equilibrium is a condition without difference and thus without further energy exchange. FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS ALSO KNOWN AS THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY While energy assumes many forms the total quantity of energy cannot change. As energy disappears in one form it must appear simultaneously in other forms - energy is thus indestructible and uncreatable in the Newtonian worldview . More formally the rate of energy transfer into a system is equal to the rate of energy transfer out of a system plus any change of energy inside the system. The First Law can be conceptually represented by the following expression A energy of system A energy of surroundings 0 If energy is convertible and indestructible then it must be possible to measure all forms of it in the same units. Regardless of whether the energy is electrical or thermal or kinetic we can measure it in kilowatt-hours and convert it into calories BTUs foot-pounds joules electron volts and so on. While it may be difficult to imagine that one could talk about foot-pounds of heat or calories of electric current the First Law establishes their equivalence. The generation of electricity in a power plant is an excellent example of the First Law as energy must go through many transformations before it can become directly useful at a human scale. The combustion of coal chemical energy produces the heat that converts water into steam thermal energy that is used to drive a turbine mechanical energy that is used to rotate a shaft in a generator thereby producing electrical energy. These are just the energy exchanges within a power plant we could also extend the transformations in both directions the chemical energy in the coal results from the decay of plant materials more chemical energy which originally received their energy from the sun radiant energy where the energy is produced by fusion nuclear energy and so on. In the .

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