TAILIEUCHUNG - Giáo trình thuật ngữ chuyên ngành Dầu và Khí - Unit 2

REFINING OPERATIONS Petroleum refining operations can be separated into five basic areas: 1. Fractionation (distillation) is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers into different "fractions" or "cuts." 2. Conversion processes change the size and/or structure of hydrocarbon molecules. These processes include: − Decomposition by thermal and catalytic cracking; − Unification through alkylation and polymerization; − Alteration with isomerization and catalytic reforming. . | Giáo trình Thuật ngữ chuyên ngành Dầu và Khí 8 UNIT 2 REFINING OPERATIONS Petroleum refining operations can be separated into five basic areas 1. Fractionation distillation is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers into different fractions or cuts. 2. Conversion processes change the size and or structure of hydrocarbon molecules. These processes include - Decomposition by thermal and catalytic cracking - Unification through alkylation and polymerization - Alteration with isomerization and catalytic reforming. 3. Treatment processes may involve chemical or physical separation such as absorption or precipitation including desalting drying hydrodesulfurizing solvent refining sweetening solvent extraction . 4. Blending is the process of mixing and combining hydrocarbon fractions additives and other components to produce finished products with specific performance properties. 5. Other Refining Operations include process-water treatment and cooling storage product movement hydrogen production sulfur recovery . DEFINITIONS ALKYLATION A process using sulfuric or fluoric acid as a catalyst to combine olefins usually butylene and isobutane to produce a high-octane product known as alkylate. DESALTING Removal of mineral salts most chlorides . magnesium chloride and sodium chloride from crude oil. HYDRODESULFURIZATION A catalytic process in which the principal purpose is to remove sulfur from petroleum fractions in the presence of hydrogen. QUESTIONS 1. How many basic areas can the petroleum refining operations be separated into 2. What is the purpose of distillation process 3. How many processes do the conversion processes include 4. What workshops that belong to decomposition process 5. What workshops that belong to unification process Giáo trình Thuật ngữ chuyên ngành Dầu và Khí 9 6. What workshops that belong to alteration process 7. What is the purpose of alkylation process 8. What is the purpose of desalting process 9. What is the .

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