TAILIEUCHUNG - Waste Treatment in the Process Industries - Chapter 9

Sản xuất phosphate và phân bón phosphate ngành công nghiệp bao gồm sản xuất phốt pho nguyên tố, hóa chất có nguồn gốc từ nhiều phốt pho, hóa chất phân bón phosphate, và nonfertilizer phosphate hóa chất khác [1 - 30]. Hóa chất có nguồn gốc từ phốt pho bao gồm axit photphoric (quá trình khô), pentôxít phốt pho, pentasulfide phốt pho, triclorua phốt pho, phốt pho oxychloride, tripoly natri, canxi phốt phát [8]. Phosphate nonfertilizer sản xuất của ngành công nghiệp bao gồm đá phosphate defluorinated, acid phosphoric defluorinated, và các muối phosphate natri | 9 Treatment of Phosphate Industry Wastes Constantine Yapijakis The Cooper Union New York New York . Lawrence K. Wang Lenox Institute of Water Technology and Krofta Engineering Corporation Lenox Massachusetts and Zorex Corporation Newtonville New York . INTRODUCTION The phosphate manufacturing and phosphate fertilizer industry includes the production of elemental phosphorus various phosphorus-derived chemicals phosphate fertilizer chemicals and other nonfertilizer phosphate chemicals 1-30 . Chemicals that are derived from phosphorus include phosphoric acid dry process phosphorus pentoxide phosphorus pentasulfide phosphorus trichloride phosphorus oxychloride sodium tripolyphosphate and calcium phosphates 8 . The nonfertilizer phosphate production part of the industry includes defluorinated phosphate rock defluorinated phosphoric acid and sodium phosphate salts. The phosphate fertilizer segment of the industry produces the primary phosphorus nutrient source for the agricultural industry and for other applications of chemical fertilization. Many of these fertilizer products are toxic to aquatic life at certain levels of concentration and many are also hazardous to human life and health when contact is made in a concentrated form. Sources of Raw Materials The basic raw materials used by the phosphorus chemicals phosphates and phosphate fertilizer manufacturing industry are mined phosphate rock and phosphoric acid produced by the wet process. Ten to 15 million years ago many species of marine life withdrew minute forms of phosphorus dissolved in the oceans combined with such substances as calcium limestone and quartz sand in order to construct their shells and bodies 30 . When these multitudes of marine organisms died their shells and bodies along with sea-life excretions and inorganic precipitates settled to the ocean bottom where thick layers of such deposits - containing phosphorus among other things - were eventually formed. Land areas that .

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