TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 038. Dysphagia (Part 2)

Pathophysiology of Dysphagia Based on anatomic site of involvement, dysphagia may be divided into oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal dysphagia. Normal transport of an ingested bolus through the swallowing passage depends on the size of the ingested bolus and size of the lumen, the force of peristaltic contraction, and deglutitive inhibition, including normal relaxation of UES and LES during swallowing. Dysphagia caused by a large bolus or a narrow lumen is called mechanical dysphagia, whereas dysphagia due to weakness of peristaltic contractions or to impaired deglutitive inhibition causing nonperistaltic contractions and impaired sphincter relaxation is called motor dysphagia. . | Chapter 038. Dysphagia Part 2 Pathophysiology of Dysphagia Based on anatomic site of involvement dysphagia may be divided into oral pharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia. Normal transport of an ingested bolus through the swallowing passage depends on the size of the ingested bolus and size of the lumen the force of peristaltic contraction and deglutitive inhibition including normal relaxation of UES and LES during swallowing. Dysphagia caused by a large bolus or a narrow lumen is called mechanical dysphagia whereas dysphagia due to weakness of peristaltic contractions or to impaired deglutitive inhibition causing nonperistaltic contractions and impaired sphincter relaxation is called motor dysphagia. ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL OROPHARYNGEAL DYSPHAGIA Oral-phase dysphagia is associated with poor bolus formation and control so that food may either drool out of the mouth or overstay in the mouth or the patient may experience difficulty in initiating the swallowing reflex. Poor bolus control may also lead to premature spillage of food into the pharynx and aspiration into the unguarded larynx and or nasal cavity. Pharyngeal-phase dysphagia is associated with stasis of food in the pharynx due to poor pharyngeal propulsion and obstruction at the UES. Pharyngeal stasis leads to nasal regurgitation and laryngeal aspiration during or after a swallow. Nasal regurgitation and laryngeal aspiration during the process of swallowing are hallmarks of oropharyngeal dysphagia. Oropharyngeal dysphagia may be due to mechanical causes including a variety of developmental abnormalities head and neck tumors radiation therapy and inflammatory processes Table 38-1 . Table 38-1 Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Oropharyngeal Mechanical Dysphagia I. Wall defects A. Congenital 1. Cleft lip cleft palate 2. Laryngeal clefts B. Post surgical II. Intrinsic narrowing A. Inflammatory 1. Viral herpes simplex varicella-zoster cytomegalovirus 2. Bacterial peritonsillar abscess 3. Fungal Candida 4. Mucocutaneous bullous .

• Y học thường thức
• Dysphagia
• bệnh học và điều trị
• bài giảng bệnh học
• tài liệu học ngành y
• Harrisons Internal Medicine
• BMC Anesthesiology
• Cardiac care unit
• Developed dysphagia
• Predicting dysphagia
• Critically ill patients
• Cardiac surgery
• Document Dysphagia
• Introduction and key points
• Disease burden and epidemiology
• Causes of dysphagia
• Clinical diagnosis
• Treatment options
• Useful web sites and guidelines
• BMC Cancer
• Pharyngeal cancer
• Dysphagia optimised intensity modulated radiotherapy
• Pharyngeal constrictor muscle
• Supraglottic larynx
• BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Occipitocervical fusion
• Postoperative dysphagia
• Pharyngeal inlet angle
• Narrowest oropharyngeal airway space
• Oesophageal cancer
• Curative treatment
• Dysphagia swallowing rehabilitation
• Swallow exercises
• báo cáo khoa học
• báo cáo y học
• công trình nghiên cứu về y học
• tài liệu về y học
• cách trình bày báo cáo
• enhanced computerized
• tomographic (CECT)
• dysphagia showing
• needle aspirate
• mycobacterial lymphadenitis
• Nontuberculous
• equally affected
• Constitutional
• fibrosis and calcification
• medical books
• pharmacology
• epidemiologic
• Obstetrics
• anatomy
• Preventing Morbidity
• Multidisciplinary Care