TAILIEUCHUNG - Insect Ecology - An Ecosystem Approach 2nd ed - Chapter 14

14 Decomposition and Pedogenesis DECOMPOSITION IS THE BREAKDOWN OF DEAD ORGANIC MATTER THAT eventually results in release of CO2, other organic trace gases, water, mineral nutrients, and energy. Pedogenesis largely reflects the activities of animals that mix organic matter with mineral soil. | 14 Decomposition and Pedogenesis I. Types and Patterns of Detritivory and Burrowing A. Detritivore and Burrower Functional Groups B. Measurement of Detritivory Burrowing and Decomposition Rates C. Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Processing of Detritus and Soil II. Effects of Detritivory and Burrowing A. Decomposition and Mineralization B. Soil Structure Fertility and Infiltration C. Primary Production and Vegetation Dynamics III. Summary DECOMPOSITION IS THE BREAKDOWN OF DEAD ORGANIC MATTER THAT eventually results in release of CO2 other organic trace gases water mineral nutrients and energy. Pedogenesis soil development largely reflects the activities of animals that mix organic matter with mineral soil. These two processes contribute greatly to the capacity of a site to support primary production. Accumulated organic litter represents a major pool of energy and nutrients in many ecosystems. Carbon and other nutrients released through decomposition can be acquired by plants or microbes or returned to abiotic pools see Chapter 11 . Incorporation of decay-resistant organic matter and nutrients into soil increases fertility aeration and water-holding capacity. Release of CO2 CH4 and other trace gases affects atmospheric conditions and global climate. Decomposition can be categorized into four component processes photooxidation abiotic catabolism resulting from exposure to solar radiation leaching the loss of soluble materials as a result of percolation of water through material comminution the fragmentation of organic litter largely as a result of detritivory and mineralization the catabolism of organic molecules by microorganisms. Vossbrinck et al. 1979 found that when arthropods and microbes were excluded detritus lost only 5 mass due entirely to leaching or photooxidation. A variety of macroarthropods mesoarthropods and microarthropods are the primary detritivores in most ecosystems. The feeding and burrowing activities of many animals including ants termites and

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