TAILIEUCHUNG - OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P37

OCA /OCP Oracle Database 11g A ll-in-One Exam Guide- P37:There is an ever increasing demand for staff with IT industry certification. The benefits to employers are significant—they can be certain that staff have a certain level of competence—and the benefits to the individuals, in terms of demand for their services, are equally great. Many employers are now requiring technical staff to have certifications, and many IT purchasers will not buy from firms that do not have certified staff. | OCA OCP Oracle Database 11g All-in-One Exam Guide 316 Data in a relational database is managed with the DML Data Manipulation Language commands of SQL. These are INSERT UPDATE DELETE and with more recent versions of SQL MERGE. This chapter discusses what happens in memory and on disk when you execute INSERT UPDATE or DELETE statements the manner in which changed data is written to blocks of table and index segments and the old version of the data is written out to blocks of an undo segment. The theory behind this summarized as the ACID test which every relational database must pass is explored and you will see the practicalities of how undo data is managed. The transaction control statements COMMIT and ROLLBACK which are closely associated with DML commands are explained along with a discussion of some basic PL SQL objects. The chapter ends with a detailed examination of concurrent data access and table and row locking. Data Manipulation Language DML Statements Strictly speaking there are five DML commands SELECT INSERT UPDATE DELETE MERGE In practice most database professionals never include SELECT as part of DML. It is considered to be a separate language in its own right which is not unreasonable when you consider that the next five chapters are dedicated to describing it. The MERGE command is often dropped as well not because it isn t clearly a data manipulation command but because it doesn t do anything that cannot be done with other commands. MERGE can be thought of as a shortcut for executing either an INSERT or an UPDATE or a DELETE depending on some condition. A command often considered with DML is TRUNCATE. This is actually a DDL Data Definition Language command but as the effect for end users is the same as for a DELETE though its implementation is totally different it does fit with DML. INSERT Oracle stores data in the form of rows in tables. Tables are populated with rows just as a country is populated with people in several ways but the most common .

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